COMPARISON OF FINITE ELEMENT

CODES FOR IMPACT SIMULATION ON

COMPOSITES

Jorge Fernando A. Rojas Ulloa.

Supervisor: Jean-Philippe Ponthot.

CONTENTS
Introduction
Objectives
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
INTRODUCTION
Composite materials, given their non-homogenous
nature, need special laws that describe their
behaviour.
Structures with damage have different properties
than non-damaged ones, hence making them
difficult to be studied in a traditional way.
OBJECTIVES
Parameter sensitivity analysis of a composite
material law with the inclusion of damage.
Use of LS-DYNA to model a low velocity impact in a
composite plate using material law 162.

METHODOLOGY: TEST CASE DESCRIPTION
Slow velocity impact of a rigid ball against a
composite plate
Composite
Plate
Rigid ball
Front view
Top view
METHODOLOGY: TEST CASE DESCRIPTION
Geometry:





Impactor:
A rigid ball, with a radio of 8 [mm].
Composite plate:
12 plies made of a resin HexFlow- RTM6 reinforced with carbon
fibers.
Stacking sequence



S
] 0 / 45 [
3
METHODOLOGY: MATERIAL LAWS
Three different material laws were used.
Simple orthotropic law: material law 002.
Material law with damage: material law 162.
Cohesive material law: material law 138.
Note: Material law 138 was only used in combination with
material law 162.
METHODOLOGY: MATERIAL LAW
Definition of different failures modes
Tension / Shear failure mode.
In plane compressive failure mode.
Crush failure mode.
In-plane matrix failure mode.
Trough the thickness failure mode.
Progressive decrement in the mechanical properties of
the material.
Can only be integrated using one Gauss point, leading to
the appearance of hourglass modes.
METHODOLOGY: SIMPLIFICATIONS
Only one quarter of the plate is used due to the symmetry
of the problem.
The ball is modeled entirely.
Top view
METHODOLOGY: RUNNING MODEL
METHODOLOGY: SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Method:
Take reference values from literature.
Modify value and generate different test-cases.
Compare results:
Sensitivity:






* The equation is a numeric approach of a derivate
* Cacuci, Dan G., Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis:
Theory, Volume I, Chapman & Hall.
| parameter Reference parameter Varied |
| result) Reference - result ed max(Obtain |
S

METHODOLOGY: SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

Selected parameters:
Softening damage parameter:
AM1 & AM2: 2.0. Fiber failure in warp and fill directions.
AM3: 0.5. Compression in the thickness direction.
AM4: 0.0. Matrix failure and delamination.
Element eroding parameters:
E_LIMIT: 0.2 Strain in the elements.
ECRSH : 0.001 Compression relative volume ratio.
EEXPN: 4 Tensile relative volume ratio
Strain rate parameters:
CERATE 1: 0.0 Strength properties.
CERATE 2: 0.0 Elastic modulus in warp and fill dir.
CERATE 3: 0.0 Shear modulus.
CERATE 4: 0.0 Elastic modulus through the thickness



METHODOLOGY: SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Selected parameters:
Other parameters:
PHIC: 10 Coulomb friction angle.
S_DELM: 1.2 Scale factor of the delamination area.
SFS : 0.3 Fiber mode shear strength.
SFFC: 0.3 Scale factor for compressive strength.
SFC: 0.850 Crush strength.


RESULTS
The studied parameter is the displacement of the
ball.
The selection of the displacement was established due
the lower noise in the results and simplicity.

RESULTS
The results obtained for all the parameters are
shown:











Parameter Sensitivity Range
AM1 / AM2 0.709 [1 - 3]
AM3 0.473 [0.2 1.0]
AM4 2.112 [0.001 0.5]
E_LIMIT 1.254 [0.01 0.2]
ECRSH 50.25 [0.001 0.05]
EEXPN 0.164 [3 - 5]
CERATE1 1.620 [0.01 0.2]
CERATE2 3.123 [0.001 0.1]
CERATE3 3.787 [-0.01 0.1]
CERATE4 5.290 [0.001 0.1]
PHIC 0.083 [10 - 40]
S_DELM 0.145 [0.4 2.0]
SFS 2.474 [0.1 0.5] [GPa]
SFFC 2.112 [0.1 0.5]
SFC 1.366 [0.650 1.050] [GPa]
CONCLUSIONS
It is mandatory to define an hourglass control. If
not, the model will be no valid.


CONCLUSIONS
Mesh convergence.


CONCLUSIONS
The obtained sensitivity values need to be taken
globally.
It is necessary to understand what means each
parameter.
Select a correct range for the parameter.

The low velocity impact is not the best reference
test to implement to law to perform an sensitivity
analysis.
The recommended test is a quasi-static punch-
shear loading test of the material.






THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION.
Questions?