Data Representation

Computer Architecture
2nd Semester 2009-2010
 Basic Idea Computer System

DATA
In text of decimal format
10010100101010 RAM
101101010010100101001010010100100101001010101
 Data Representation
 Computer operation mechanism
› Binary Numbers (on / off)
 It is good to know binary numbers,
decimal, hexadecimal numbers & the
relationships of these number
systems to understand the internal
processing of computer
 Data Representation Unit &
processing unit
 Binary Number in Circuit
› On / Off
› High / Low
Binary and Decimal
Conversion
Decimal Binary Numbers
Numbers
0 0
1 1
2 10
3 11
4 100
5 101
6 110
7 111
8 1000
9 1001
10 1010
 BITS
A Binary Digit(BiT)
› Is a digit of Binary System represented
by 1or 0
› A smallest unit that represents data
inside the computer
› 1 bit can represent 2 values = {1,0}
› 2 bits can represent 4 values =
{00,01,10,11}
 Question
 Tothe minimum of how many bits we
need to represent the 26 English
Alphabet plus the alphanumeric 0 to 9
a)5
b)6
c)7
d)8
 BYTE
A unit that represents with 8 bit 1
character or number
› {00000001, 00000010, 00000011 …..
11111111}
›
› Question: How many combinations that
a byte can provide
a)64
b)128
c)256
d)512
›
 Word
 Ifthe computer’s internal operation
were performed on the bit basis, the
operation speed would be too low.
 For that reason, the idea of processing
using a unit called word was born
 Word
 Over 10 yrs ago, PC operated on word
consisting of 16 bits.
 Currently, mainstream PCs use words
each consisting of 32 and 64 bits
 Binary System and
Hexadecimal
 Information Processing
› Binary System is used to simplify the
structure of electronic circuit that make
up a computer
› (255)10 vs (11111111)2
 binary is hard to understand
Solution – use haxadecimal
 Binary System and
Hexadecimal
 Hexadecimal number
› Numeric value represented by 16
numeral (0-15). When becomes 16, a
carry occurs
 Decimal Binary Haxadecimal
Base 2,10 0 0 0

& 16
1 1 1
2 10 2

Table 3
4
11
100
3
4
5 101 5
6 110 6
7 111 7
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 8 1000 8
9 1001 9
10 1010 A
11 1011 B

2 D 12
13
1100
1101
C
D
14 1110 E
15 1111 F
16 10000 10
17 10001 11
18 10010 12
19 10011 13
20 10100 14
 Radix and “weight”
 1,234
› 1 thousand 2 hundred 3 tens and 4 units
› (1 x 103) + (2 x 102) + (3 x 101) + (4 x 100)
›

Radix Exponent
Weight

Question:

Using the weight, a decimal number 32,425 would be represented as?

 Binary Digits “weight” and
its meaning
 The radix of decimal system is 10 and
the radix of binary system is 2.
 Ex: 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0

1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
210 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1024 512 256 128 64 8 4 2

Question:

Using the weight, a binary number 11110111 would be represented as?

 Auxiliary units & power
representation
Unit symbol Exponent Remarks
notation
Unit that represent T (tera) 1012 ~ 240
large amount G (giga) 109 ~ 230
M (mega) 106 ~ 220
k (kilo) 103 ~ 210

Units that represent m (milli) 10-3 1 / 1,000

small amonts µ (micro) 10-6 1 / 1,000,000
n (nano) 10-9 1 / 1,000,000,000
p (pico) 10-12 1 / 1,000,000,000,000
 Addition of Binary Numbers
0 + 0 = 0
0 + 1 = 1
1 + 0 = 1
1 + 1 = 10

Question:

11010 + 1100
 Subtraction of Binary
Numbers
0 - 0 = 0
0 - 1 = -1
1 - 0 = 1
1 - 1 = 0

Question:

11010 - 1100