BY: Harshit Bez And Chinmoy Talukdar

Branch: CIVIL A
Types of Highways:

1. National Highway:
There are roads connecting important cities, towns, ports etc. of different
states. They may even connect the neighbouring countries. The NH have
two lane traffic atleast 8 meters shoulders on each side. The constructions
of these roads are taken care by central government agencies like Central
PWD or Military Engineering Services.


2. State Highway:
These are important roads of a particular state connecting importanr cities
and the district headquarters . They are maintained by state PWD and
Central Government gives grant for the construction and development of
these roads. These highways have 8 meters carriage way and 8 meters
widw shoulders on each sides.


3. Major District Roads:
These are the roads within a district connecting market and production
area to state or national highway or railways stations. The MDR has lower
speed and geometric design specification then for NH and SH.

4. Other District Roads:
These roads connect rural areas of production of market centers and other
main roads. These roads have lower designed specifications than MDR.

5. Village Roads:
The roads connecting villages or group of villages with each other or the
roads of higher category, the local district boards are responsible for the
construction and maintainence of these roads.
Components of Roads:
1. Pavement or Carriage Way:- These is the width of road which is designed
to handle the volume of expected traffic. As per Indian Road
Congress(IRC) specifications the maximum width of vehicle is 2.44 meter
and a side margin of 0.68m is required for same drive of the vehicle.
Hence for a single lane road carriage way wides out to be 3.8m . For road
pavement having two or more lanes the width of 3.5m per lane is
considered sufficient.

The cross section of carriage way consist of following components-
I. Sub Soil
II. Sub Grade
III. Base
IV. Surface.


Shoulder:-
The width of carriage way is intended on both sides of carriage by a
minimum of 2 to 5 m. It acts as service lane for the broken down vehicle
and in case of blocking of carriage way it serves as emergency lane. The
requirements of shoulder are-

1. The colour should be different from that of pavement surface so that their
distinct in vision.

2. They should have sufficient load bearing capacity so as to support loaded
trucks in wet weather.

3. Surface of shoulder should be rough compared to pavement so that
drivers are discouraged to use it as regularly.


1. Traffic Apparatus.





2. Footpath:-
3. Parking Lane:-




4. Cycle Track:-
5. Guard Rail:-
6. Fencing:-