PRESENTER

Nazeerah Binti Shaipol

DB120048
Siti Zarina Binti Muhd Julaini
DB120038
Fatin Nazia Binti Farrid
DB120062
The differences in the status, power and prestige women and men
have in groups, collectivises and societies.(Encyclo.co.uk )


Gender inequality refers to disparity between individuals due to
gender. Gender is constructed both socially through social interactions
as well as biologically through chromosomes, brain structure, and
hormonal differences. Gender systems are often dichotomous and
hierarchical; binary gender systems may reflect the inequalities that
manifest in n
( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_ine )
A recent analysis of personal ads in a major newspaper finds that
men are more likely to seek women whom they view as sex
objects physically and sexually attractive while women are
more interested in men as success objects financially secure
and well-educated

(Ventigmilia, 1982; Sherman and Haas, 1984; Rosal, 1984; Goleman, 1988;
J oubert, 1989; Abelos, 2004; Davis, 1990; Palispis, 1998)

All This Reflects The Powerful Influence Of Traditional
Gender Roles, Which Make Men And Women Behave
Differently.

Gender

Popul ar St ereotypes

Interested in possessions
Judged by achievements
Primarily occupied with public
life and career
Aggressive by nature
Good at rational thinking
Active

Interested in relationships
Judged by appearance
Primarily occupied by the home and
family relationships
Emotional by nature
Good at taking care of people and
things
Passive

.
Women denied the rights to hold
property, to vote, to go to school, to
travel, to borrow money, and to enter
certain occupations.


Underlying these inequalities is sexism
prejudice and discrimination against women
Sexism
It is the belief that
women are inferior to
men
A healthy, mature woman
is characterized as
submissive, dependent,
unadventurous, easily
influenced, excitable in
minor crises, susceptible
to hurt feelings, and
conceited about her
appearance
A man having that
characteristics can
be considered as
unhealthy and
immature (Jaggar
and Strhul)
In general, men are
describe as positively
as independent,
courageous, and the
like
women are described
negatively as having
sexual timidity and
social anxiety. Yet, if
they get rid of sexual
timidity and become
sexually active, which is
normal for men, women
are diagnosed as
abnormal (Goleman).
Sexism can also subtly influence the interaction between
sexes. Studies of nonverbal interaction have revealed that men
often unconsciously exhibit their superiority to women and
women their inferiority.
It also influenced pattern of body language in womens
tendency to speak more politely than men, being more careful
to say please and thank you as they are expected to.
It may also produce inequality between sexes by
unconsciously biasing evaluation of peoples work.
EDUCATION
JOBS AND MONEY
POLITICS RELIGION

In Politics
From the 1980s women began to achieve a
much more significant presence in national
politics and in other important political
arenas, such as the union movement. The
government began to pay serious attention
to issues such as domestic and sexual
violence, or the competing demands of paid
and unpaid work.

The approach of women MPs to womens
issues has usually depended on their
political stance rather than their gender. This
was evident in the swing to New Right
policies from 1984 to 1998, which cut back
the welfare state and had a severe impact on
low-income women. At the time, the
ministers of finance, social welfare and
womens affairs were women.


Jobs And Money

Religion
Due to WOMANs LIBERATION
Eradicate slavery
Right to vote
Education
Occupation
Social Status
Political position

ANNIE GOTTLIEB wrote, found themselves serving as
secretary, mother and concubine, while men did all the speaking,
writing, and negotiating and these were men who professed to
reject the oppressive ritual machinery of their society.
EGALITARIAN FEMINISM belief that emphasizes sexual
equality by insisting that men and women be treated exactly alike.
PROTECTIONIST FEMINISM emphasizes the biological
differences between the sexes by insisting that the unique
interest of working women be protected
e.g. prenatal care, maternity leave, and child-care services
SOURCE : Women, Family and Community Development Malaysia
( MEASURING ANDMONITORING GENDER
EQUALITY MALAYSIA'S GENDER GAP INDEX )
10-
Forbidden from driving
In Saudi Arabia, women arent allowed to
drive, or even ride bikes, and men arent
allowed to drive women theyre not
closely related to.

09-
Clothing Requirement
In 2001 a militant group called Lashkar-e-
Jabar demanded that Muslim women in
Kashmir wear burqas, head to toe
garments that cover their clothes, or risk
being attacked. Men threw acid in the
faces of two women for not covering up in
public. The group also demanded that
Hindu and Sikh women dress so as to
identify themselves: they said that Hindu
women should wear a bindi (the
traditional colored dot) on their foreheads,
and Sikh women should cover their heads
with saffron-colored cloth.


08-
Right to divorce

In many countries, while husbands can
divorce their spouses easily (often
instantaneously through oral
repudiation), wives access to divorce is
often extremely limited, and they
frequently confront near insurmountable
legal and financial obstacles. Essentially,
women have to buy their freedom.

07-
Access to education

In many areas of Afghanistan, girls are often
taken out of school when they hit puberty.
Cultural factors related to the correctness of
sending girls to school, reluctance to send
girls and boys to the same school after third
grade, as well as the perceived and real
security threats related to girls walking to
school and attending classes all contribute to
slowing down the enrolment of girls in schools.
Likewise, the enormous lack of female
teachers, who are fundamental in a country
where girls cannot be taught by a man after a
certain age, is having a negative impact on
girls education. While the total number of
children enrolled in primary schools is
increasing tremendously, the percentage of
female students is not.


06-
Right to travel

Husbands in Egypt and Bahrain can file
an official complaint at the airport to forbid
their wives from leaving the country for
any reason.

05-
Victims of violence

Womens unequal legal rights increase
their vulnerability to violence. In many
countries in the region, no specific laws or
provisions exist to penalize domestic
violence, even though domestic violence
is a widespread problem. Domestic
violence is generally considered to be a
private matter outside the states
jurisdiction. Battered women are told to go
home if they attempt to file a complaint
with the police. Few shelters exist to
protect women who fear for their lives.

04-
Custody rights

In Bahrain, where family law is not
codified, judges have complete power to
deny women custody of their children for
the most arbitrary reasons. Bahraini
women who have been courageous
enough to expose and challenge these
violations in 2003 were sued for slander
by eleven family court judges.

.

03-
Citizenship

Most countries in the region-with the
exception of Iran, Tunisia, Israel, and to a
limited extent Egypt-have permitted only
fathers to pass citizenship on to their
children. Women married to non-nationals
are denied this fundamental right

02-
Sexual subjugation

Many countries criminalize adult,
consensual sex outside of marriage. In
Morocco, women are much more likely to
be charged with having violated penal
code prohibitions on sexual relations
outside of marriage than men. Unmarried
pregnant women are particularly at risk of
prosecution. The message is clear: the
degree of punishment of the perpetrator is
determined by the sexual experience of
the victim.
.

01-
Female infanticide

Chinas one child policy has heightened
the disdain for female infants; abortion,
neglect, abandonment, and infanticide
have been known to occur to female
infants. The result of such family planning
has been the disparate ratio of 114 males
for every 100 females among babies from
birth through children four years of age.
Normally, 105 males are naturally born for
every 100 females

In the fast changing scenario of the world,
gender inequality between men and women is
highly increased. Women as more vulnerable
positions than men they suffer and face
gender inequality in family (nutritions, son
preference, mobility control, inheritances
rights, economic field (income, glass ceiling),
education, laws etc. This is all because of
socialization process.

All Learners, with no distinction, have access to the
same resources.
Learners spend the same amount of time at school.
Teachers employ the same methods and
approaches in teaching male and female students.
The number of girls equals the number of boys in all
classes.
All students are treated the same way and are
subject to the same rewards/punishments.
School
A
There is a special interest in Multiple Intelligences.
Subjects are taught in a variety of ways.
Teachers vary their activities because boys and girls
learn differently.
Teachers use gender-neutral language.
Learning is personalized.
School
B
Equality
Equity
Sexist language in the classroom.
Teaching different sexes in the same
way.
More girls drop out of schools (Just
because theyre girls).




Boys and girls
learn
differently
Socio-
economic
factors
Governmental
policies:
Infrastructures
Teacher
training
Inequity
Girls tend to prefer cooperation instead of
competition. They work with others and build on
others ideas.
Girls seems to value understanding over grades.
Girls thrive in cooperative learning situations.
Girls tend to wait longer before answering a
question. They spend more time thinking about
an answer and how they want to respond before
raising their hand.
Teachers are more likely to engage
boys in conversation in the
classroom.
Teachers are more likely to ask boys
higher level questions than girls.
When disciplined, boys are treated
more harshly than girls.
Women typically arent encouraged
by their families and the community.
Stereotypes about girls and boys in
schools are well known and believed
by many.
Girls are bad at math
Men Cant be nurses
Girls WILL end up as housewives.

The classroom is a mirror of society:
Stereotypes and prejudices
Integrating Educational Equity courses
in pre-service and in-service trainings.
Conferencing on the issue.

Allow wait time.
Give encouragement.
Monitor interruptions.
Monitor student interactions.
Pay attention to your students different
needs , learning styles and Multiple
Intelligences.
Be creative
Use gender-neutral language.
Avoid stereotypes.

37
means someone whose gender differs from the one they
were given when they were born. Transgender people
may identify as male or female, or they may feel that
neither label fits them.
Transgender
or Trans
In order to express their chosen gender, transgender
people may transition, or change, from the gender they
were given at birth. They may change their names,
pronouns or style of dress. Some transgender people also
choose a medical transition, with the help of medical
specialists, who will prescribe hormones and/or surgery.
Transition
a person who lives in a different gender to the one they
were given when they were born. For example, someone
who was called a boy when they were born may feel
very strongly that they are really a girl. They would be
called a trans woman. If someone was labeled a girl at
birth, and they later realize that they are male, they
would be called a trans man.
Transsexual
a persons internal feelings, and the labels they use, such
as male, female, or transgender.
Gender
Identity
a person having both male and female sex organs or
other sexual characteristics, either abnormally or (in the
case of some organisms) as the natural condition.
Hermaphrodite
From 60 only 10 patient have problems in
Education.
Not too Creative but active in spot.