This document discusses triage principles during mass casualty incidents. It explains that triage is the process of sorting patients based on medical need and urgency within a limited time frame. The START and JumpSTART tools are commonly used triage methods in the US and Canada for adults and pediatrics respectively. The document outlines the steps and criteria used in these tools to categorize patients into red, yellow, green or black categories based on factors like breathing, pulse, response and injuries. It emphasizes that triage during MCIs is challenging but necessary to prioritize treatment.
Original Description:
prinsip triage adalah cara untuk mengelompokkan pasien ( korban ) sesuai dengan kondisinya. biasanya prinsip triage digunakan untuk mengevakuasi korban dalam bencana alam atau kecelakaan lalu lintas
This document discusses triage principles during mass casualty incidents. It explains that triage is the process of sorting patients based on medical need and urgency within a limited time frame. The START and JumpSTART tools are commonly used triage methods in the US and Canada for adults and pediatrics respectively. The document outlines the steps and criteria used in these tools to categorize patients into red, yellow, green or black categories based on factors like breathing, pulse, response and injuries. It emphasizes that triage during MCIs is challenging but necessary to prioritize treatment.
This document discusses triage principles during mass casualty incidents. It explains that triage is the process of sorting patients based on medical need and urgency within a limited time frame. The START and JumpSTART tools are commonly used triage methods in the US and Canada for adults and pediatrics respectively. The document outlines the steps and criteria used in these tools to categorize patients into red, yellow, green or black categories based on factors like breathing, pulse, response and injuries. It emphasizes that triage during MCIs is challenging but necessary to prioritize treatment.
What is Triage? Triage sortir Evaluasi berdasarkan kebutuhan medis dan urgensi pada masing2 klien dalam waktu terbatas Triage is a dynamic process and is usually done more than once. Primary Disaster Triage Triage based on physiology Kemampuan pasien dalam menghadapi /mengkompensasi trauma atau injuri Bila gagal prioritas tinggi Primary Disaster Triage The most commonly used adult tool in the US and Canada is the START tool. The pediatric MCI primary triage tool most commonly used in the US and Canada is Jump START. The Best Tool? No MCI primary triage tool has been validated by outcome data. Wiseman DB, Ellenbogen R, Shaffrey CI. Triage for the Neurosurgeon, Neurosurg Focus 12(3), 2002. Available on the Internet at www.medscape.com/viewarticle/431314
Triage Categories NATO Guidelines Red Airway obstruction, cardiorespiratory failure, significant external hemorrhage, shock, sucking chest wound, burns of face or neck
Yellow Open thoracic wound, penetrating abdominal wound, severe eye injury, avascular limb, fractures, significant burns other than face, neck or perineum NATO Guidelines Green Minor lacerations, contusions, sprains, superficial burns, partial-thickness burns of < 20% BSA
Black Head injury with GCS<8, burns >85% BSA, multisystem trauma, signs of impending death START: Step 1 Triage officer announces that all patients that can walk should get up and walk to a designated area for eventual secondary triage.
All ambulatory patients are initially tagged as Green. START: Step 2 Triage officer assesses patients in the order in which they are encountered Assess for presence or absence of spontaneous respirations If breathing, move to Step 3 If apneic, open airway If patient remains apneic, tag as Black If patient starts breathing, tag as Red START: Step 3 Assess respiratory rate If 30, proceed to Step 4 If 30, tag patient as Red START: Step 4 Assess capillary refill If 2 seconds, move to Step 5 If 2 seconds, tag as Red START: Step 5 Assess mental status If able to obey commands, tag as Yellow If unable to obey commands, tag as Red
Mnemonic R P M 30 2 Can do Photo used with permission of the Emergency Education Council of Maryland Region 5. Whats your call? An adult kneels at the side of the road, shaking his head. He says hes too dizzy to walk. RR 20 CR 2 sec Obeys commands
Whats your call? Adult female driver still in the bus, trapped by her lower legs under caved- in dash. RR 24 Cap refill 4 sec Moans with verbal stimulus Whats your call? An adult male lies inside the bus. Apneic Remains apneic with jaw thrust
Whats your call? An adult male lies on the ground RR 20 Good distal pulse Obeys commands but cries that he cant move his legs OR Key Points about MCI Triage MCI triage will never be logistically, intellectually, or emotionally easy
but we must be prepared to do it using the best of our knowledge and abilities. FEMA Photo Library Key Points The physiology of adults and children differ; therefore different primary triage systems should be used Use JumpSTART for infants through older children Use START for young adults and older Primary triage is just the first look at an MCI victim, similar to the primary/initial survey/assessment