AGRICULTURE

INTRODUCTION:
v Agriculture is the mother of all economic development in
India.


v It is a ladder through which a common man has found its

destination.


v But since Independence in 1947,the GDP has declined in

comparison to the growth of industrial service sector.
v
v In mid 1990’s it provides approximately 1/3 of the GDP and
employ roughly 2/3 of the population.


v We are covering 3 areas-

Ø Financial
Ø Technical
Ø Economical

TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION:


§ Modern technology and intensive marketing

can the agriculturist exploit both the
domestic market as well as international
market to the fullest extent.
 Various types of technologies:

Plough (also ‘plow’):


§ Ploughing is the first preparation for plan for

planting. The plough is primarily designed to
prepare the ground for the cultivation by
turning it over.
§ Prairie ploughs were heavy. Weighing at least
125 pound and enquiring from 3 to 7 yoke of
oxen. Cutting only 3 inches into the soil,
farmers could break 8 acres a year.
§ After a span of few years, ploughs maintaining
a polished wrought iron moldboard and steel
share were invented.
Harrow:


 After ploughing, other elements were used. The

harrow was necessary to smoothen the soil in
areas where the soil remained rough.
 In modern times , harrows are of varied types.
some are simply dragged behind a tractor or
draft animal;
 Some are suspended on wheels; many have leavers
to adjust the depth of the cut.
Impact of the Industrial Revolution On
Agriculture:
Industrial revolution brought about drastic changes in the
farming process.
Few of the inventions include:
ØSeed driller
ØHorse hoe
ØReaper
ØThresing machines
ØTractor
Ø
Ø
Irrigation Technology:
ü
üElectric and diesel pumps can be used to extract groundwater
for irrigating any large acres of land.

Treadle pump:
üIt is foot operated water lifting device & needed by small
farmers.

Drip Irrigation Technology:

üIt is a water saving technology which enables slow and

regular application of water directly to the root of the plants.
ü
AGRICULTURE FINANCE

Finance or credit is an essential requirement for every

productive activity.

Types of agriculture finance:

Productive unproductive short-period medium- long

term
credit credit credit period credit credit
Sources of finance:

The various sources of finance are as follows:-

1.Institutional
2.Non-institutional
Institutional sources:
It consists funds available to the farmers by various
institutions .The various institutional sources are as
follows:
vLand development bank
vCommercial bank
vRegional rural bank
 Non-institutional sources:
It has been traditional sources of agriculture credit in India. The
main sources are-
ØMoneylenders
Ølandlords
WORLD BANK: (various schemes)
q$ 1332 million crore for U.P.
q
q$ 444 million to Orissa.

qRural finance scheme to help Indian farmer.

q
q$ 20 million bill for bank.
q
qSEISIMIC BELT Scheme for regions which are under
earthquake effect such as Himalayan, Gujarat, Maharashtra etc.
 AGRICULTURE ECONOMY:-

The growth rate of the agriculture sector in India GDP grew

after Independence. The government of India placed special
emphasis on the sector in its 5 yrs plan.

Years Total production(us $)

 2001-2002 212 million tones

 2002-2003 179.2million tones

 2007 1.09 trillion

The growth rate of India GDP was 9.4% in 06 -07.

The Agriculture contributed around 18.6% to India GDP in

2005.
In India GDP grew rate is 1.7% each year between 01-02 & 03-
04.
The various extension programmes are being held in the
various phases which are as follows:

:The first phase dates from 1948-1960,which includes

ØGrow More Food Campaign- 1948
ØCommunity Development Programme-1952

The 2nd phase (1960-1974),includes

ØIntensive Agriculture District Programmes-1960
ØIntensive Agriculture Areas Programmes-1966
ØHigh Yielding Variety Programme-1966
Ø
The 3rd phase(1965-1979),includes
ØNational Demonstration Programme-1965
ØOperational Research project-1971
ØLab To Land Programme-1979
Ø
The 4th phase ,introduced the World Bank aided training & Visit Approach
Ø
Role of agriculture in export

 India rank 2 worldwide in farm output

 Agriculture & allied sectors accounted for 16.6% of the
GDP in 2007.
 Yield per unit area of all crops have grown have grown
since 1950.
 It is the second largest producer of wheat, rice ,sugar.


Conclusion:
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian Economy.
Comprises huge percent(%) of export & import.
Large employment opportunity.
Contribute to National Income.
Presented by:


qEsha Sethi Thank you

qDevendra Singh Deopa
qDevendra Bisht
qVinod Joshi
qBabli Sharma
qDeevashi sharma
qChhavi Mishra
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