Teknik Menjawab Soalan

Sains
Pn. Suryati Othman
Sk St Bernadettes Convent,
Batu Gajah
Year
Tahun
Area of forests are cleared
Luas kawasan hutan yang diterangkan/hektar
What is to change
Pemboleh ubah manipulasi
Year
Tahun
What is to observed
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
Area of forests are clear

What is to keep the same
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
Place of investigation
Tempat penyiasatan
Duration of investigation
Tempoh penyiasatan
What is to change
Pemboleh ubah manipulasi
of circuit
.litar
What is to observed
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
Brightness of the bulbs
Kecerahan mentol
Circuit
( litar)
Brightness of the bulbs
Kecerahan mentol
P Bright ( cerah)
Q Brighter ( lebih cerah)
R Brightess ( paling cerah)
Type of circuit
jenis litar
What is to keep the same
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
Number of the batteries
Bilangan bateri
Number of the bulbs
Bilangan mentol
What is to change
Pemboleh ubah manipulasi
of pupil
.murid
What is to observed
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
Length of one cubit
Panjang hasta
The height of pupil
Ketinggian murid
What is to keep the same
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
The ruler
Kayu pembaris
Age of pupils
Umur murid
Pupil
Murid
Kumar Majid Zaki Lee
Meng
Length of one cubit
Panjang satu hasta
18
cm
21
cm
20
cm
12
cm
What is to change
Pemboleh ubah manipulasi
Substance
Bahan
Effect on blue litmus
paper
Kesan ke atas kertas
litmus biru
Effect on red litmus
paper
Kesan ke atas kertas
litmus merah
P No change Turns blue
Q Turns red No change
R No change No change
S Turns red No change
T No change No change
U No change Turns blue
_________of substances
_________bahan
Type of substances
jenis bahan
What is to observed
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
_________ of litmus paper
_________ kertas litmus
Condition of litmus paper
keadaan kertas litmus
What is to keep the same
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan
__________ of substances
__________ bahan
Quantity of substances
Kuantiti bahan
What is to change
Pemboleh ubah manipulasi
The way to prevent the
iron nail
Cara untuk melindungi paku
besi
What is to observed
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
Condition of iron nail
Keadaan paku besi
What is to keep the same
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
Number of iron nail
Bilangan paku besi
Type of water
Jenis air
nail X
(wipe with grease)
nail Z
nail Y (painted)
Nail Z
Paku Z
Nail Y (painted)
Paku Y ( dicat)
Nail X (greese)
Paku X ( gris)
What is to change
Pemboleh ubah manipulasi
Present of water
Kehadiran air
Condition of the roots
Keadaan akar
What is to observed
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
What is to keep the same
Pemboleh ubah yang
dimalarkan
Type of the seedling
jenis anak benih
What is to change
Pemboleh ubah manipulasi
Type of stimuli
Jenis ransangan
Condition of the leaves
Keadaan akar
What is to observed
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
What is to keep the same
Pemboleh ubah yang
dimalarkan
Type of the plant
jenis pokok
What is to change
Pemboleh ubah manipulasi
Distance of planet from
the Sun
Jarak planet dari Matahari
The temperature of the
planet
Suhu planet
What is to observed
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas

The temperature of the planet is affected by the
distance of the planet from the Sun
Suhu bagi sesuatu planet adalah dipengaruhi oleh
jarak planet itu dari Matahari
What is to keep the same
Pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan
The planet
planet
The solar system
Sistem solar
Time to measure the temperature
Masa suhu disukat
TREND
What is to observe Temperature ( suhu)
Answer : Increase , remain the same
Bertambah, sama
Duration of experiment
Diagram 3 shows a graph about the temperature of ice
Temperature ( C)
Time
The temperature is Increase and than
remain the same
VARIABLES
What is to observe Rate of breathing ( kadar perenafasan)
Answer : Increase, decrease
bertambah, menurun
Activities
R
a
t
e

o
f

b
r
e
a
t
h
i
n
g

(

t
i
m
e
s

)

Rate of breathing is increase and than decrease
Kadar pernafasan ialah bertambah dan menurun
What is the trend for volume of water absorbed
Apakah pola bagi isipadu air yang tinggal
Increased
meningkat
Volume of water absorbed increased
Isipadu air yang tinggal bertambah
observation
What is the trend for distance planet from the Sun
Apakah pola bagi jarak planet daripada Matahari
Increased
meningkat
Distance planet from the Sun are increased
Jarak planet daripada Matahari bertambah
observation
Planet Distance from the Sun (km)
Mercury 58 000 000
Mars 228 000 000
Saturn 1 435 000 000
Neptune 4 500 000 000
What is the trend for temperature of water
Apakah pola bagi suhu air
Decreased, same
Menurunl ,sama
The temperature of water is decreased
Suhu air berkurang
observation
Time
(minutes)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Tempera
ture (C)
100 85 70 55 40 27 27
What is the trend for size of the Moon during eclipse
Apakah pola bagi saiz bulan ketika gerhana
Increased
menaik
Size of the moon that can be seen is increased
Saiz bulan yang dapat dilihat berkurang
observation
Trend
Trend
State one observation based on the table above
State one inference based on the table above
Volume of water absorbed increased
Isipadu air yang diserap bertambah
Number of sponge increased
Isipadu air yang diserap bertambah
Time
Masa
The position of the shadow
Kedudukan bayang-bayang
Morning (pagi) The shadows faces on west
Bayang-bayang menghala ke arah barat
Evening (petang) The shadow faces on east
Bayang-bayang menghala ke arah timur
What is to observed
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
The position of the shadow
Kedudukan bayang-bayang
Observation
pemerhatian
The position of the shadow is changes from west to east.
Kedudukan bayang-bayang
Inference
Inferens ( sebab)
Inference
The rotation of Earth on its axist ( putaran Bumi pada paksi)
The time changes from morning to evening
Masa berubah dari pagi ke petang
Eclipse of the Moon
Gerhana Bulan
Observation
pemerhatian
At day 15, the phase of the Moon
is fullmoon
Pada hari ke 15, fasa bulan ialah
bulan purnama
Inference
sebab
Revolution of the Moon surround the
earth
Peredaran Bulan mengelilingi Bumi
Based on the picture, state one observation
Berdasarkan gambar di atas, nyatakan satu pemerhatian
Wto : Condition of root
Keadaan akar
The root bend towards the wet cotton
Akar bengkok ke arah kapas basah
Based on your answer, give a reason
Berdasarkan jawapan anda, beri satu sebab
The root responds to water
Akar bertindakbalas terhadap air
Inference
Sebab
Observation
pemerhatian
Seedling needs water to fullfil their
basic needs
Anak pokok memerlukan air untuk
Memenuhi keperluan asasnya
Figure 5 shows the five planets furthest from the Sun.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan lima buah planet yang paling
jauh dari Matahari
Jupiter
Sun
Observation
pemerhatian
Planet M the furthers from the Sun
compared with jupiter
Planet M paling jauh dari Matahari
Compared with Jupiter
Inference
Inferens
The orbit for Planet M is the biggest
compared with Jupiter
Orbit planet M paling besar berbanding
Jupiter
The temperature of planet M is the
coldest compared with planet Jupiter
Suhu Planet M paling sejuk berbanding
Jupiter
Planet M is fuurthers from the Sun
compared with planet Jupiter
Planet M paling jauh dari matahari
berbanding Jupiter
Based on the picture, state one observation.
water
. An orange is left on the table and its conditions are observed every week.
Sebiji limau diletakkan di atas meja dan keadaannya diperhatikan setiap minggu.

mould
What can you see from
the picture ?
.of mould
Answer : Area of mould is increased
Luas kawasan bercendawan( kulat) bertambah
Based on your answer, give a reason .
Mould growth
Kulat membesar
The mould has enough food and water
Kulat mendapat makanan dan air
yang mencukupi
Observation
pemerhatian
Size of the shadow is bigger than imej
Saiz bayang-bayang lebih besar
Daripada imej
Inference
sebab
The hand is near to the torch
Tangan berada dekat dengan lampu
suluh,
Wto : Size of the shadow
saiz bayang-bayang
Wtc : Distance of hand from torch
Jarak tangan dari lampu suluh
Wihthout pulley, number of pupilss
needed to lift the load is more
compared with has pulleys
Tanpa takal, bilangan orang yang
diperlukan untuk mengangkat beban
Adalah lebih banyak berbanding
tanpa takal
Wihthout pulley, the friction is the
Greatest compared with has pulley
Tanpa takal daya geseran adalah
Paling kuat berbanding
tanpa takal
Observation
pemerhatian
Number of tiger decrease
Bilangan harimau berkurang
Inference
sebab
Suhu persekitaran meningkat
Temperature surrounding is decrease
Wto: Number of tiger
Bilangan harimau
Wtc : The year
Tahun
Illegal hunting
Pemburuan haram
Number of tiger
Bilangan harimau
Year
Tahun
Observation
pemerhatian
Eclipse of the Moon occurs
Gerhana bulan berlaku
Inference
sebab
Wto
Eclipse of the Moon
gerhana Bulan
Wtc :
Position of Sun, Earth and the Moon
Tahun
The Sun, Earth and the Moon lies
in a straight line
Matahari, Bumi dan bulan berada
dalam satu garisan lurus
Observation
pemerhatian
The roots bend/ response
towards water
Akar bengkok /bertindakbalas
terhadap air
Inference
Sebab
To carry out nutrients throughout
the plant.
Untuk mengangkut nutrient ke
seluruh pokok
Observation
pemerhatian
The brightness of the bulbs is the most
When 3 batteries is used compared with
Used 1 battery
Kecerahan mentol paing cerah apabila
Menggunakan 3 bateri berbanding 1
bateri
Give other
observation
Wto
Brightness of the bulbs
Kecerahan mentol

The power in cirsuit R is the most compared
With circuit P
Kuasa dalam litar R paling banyak
berbandig P
Inference
Number of batteries in circuit R is the most
compared With circuit P
Bilangan bateri dalam litar R paling banyak
berbanding P
Observation
pemerhatian
At 12.00 pm, the temperature of the
room is the most ( hottest)
pada pukul 12.00 pm suhu bilik paling
panas
Inference
sebab
Wto
Temperature of the room
Suhu bilik
Wtc :
Time
Time
Time 8.00
am
10.00
am
12.00
pm
2.00
pm
4.00
pm
Temperature of the
room(C)
27 30 35 30 27
At 12.00 pm, the room received the
most heat
pada pukul 12.00 pm bilik menerima
Paling banyak haba
How to write hypothesis/ conclusion / relationship
between the variables
1. Hypothesis / relationship / conclusion.
Use increase / decrease or if / when
example:
the more ( pattern) (manipulated variable)
the more ( trend ) ( responding variable )
if ( trend ) ( manipulated variable ) so ( trend )
( responding variable )

2. Relationships between.
1. Manipulated variable ( affect ) PB
2. Responding variable ( is affected by/depends) on
responding variable.
Bilangan telur yang
menetas
Number of eggs
Bilangan telur
trend
pola
trend
Pola
wtc
Mv
wto
RV

Decrease number of eggs increase number of young
that hatcheds
Berkurang bilangan telur bertambah bilangan telur
yang menetas.

Temperature ( C)
Suhu ( C)
10 15 20 25 30
Time taken for bread to start turning
bad / hour
Masa yang diambil oleh roti untuk
menjadi rosak ( jam)
72 60 50 42 36



The ( trend ) the ( wtc ) The ( trend ) the ( wto )

The increased the temperature the decreased the time
Taken for bread to start turning bad

Semakin bertambah suhu semakin bertambah masa yang
Diambil oleh roti untuk manjadi rosak


Needle
The ability of the needle to
pierce the paper
Kebolehan jarum menembusi
kertas
T Easy ( mudah)
U Moderate ( sederhana)
V Difficult ( sukar)
If we used needle T, the ability of the needle to pierce the
paper is increased compared with needle V

Jika gunakan jarum t, kebolehan jarum menembusi kertas
bertambah berbanding jarum V
The increase the sharpness of needle the increase the
ability of the needle to pierce the paper.

Semakin bertambah ketajaman jarum semakin bertambah
Kebolehan jarum menembusi kertas
Water
Air
Chili

Vineger
( cuka)
Wtc :
Type of liquid
Jenis cecair
Wto :
Condition of the chilies
Keadaan chili
If we put chilies into the vineger it will takes longer time to
turning bad compared with water.
Jika kita letakkan chili ke dalam cuka ia akan mengambil
masa yang lama untuk menjadi rosak berbanding air
Gambar dibawah menunjukkan silinder X dan silinder Y yang
dibuat daripada jenis bahan yang berbeza. Kedua-dua silinder
mempunyai ketinggian dan luas tapak yang sama. Apabila ditiup
oleh kipas angin, didapati silinder X jatuh tetapi silinder y tidak
jatuh.
Wtc
Types of materials
Jenis bahan
Wt0
Time taken for cylindar to topple
Masa yang diambil oleh silinder
Untuk jatuh
If the types of materials is different , the time taken
for cylinder to topple is different
Jika jenis bahan berbeza, maka masa yang diambil
oleh silinder jatuh adalah berbeza
X : Plastic ( plastik) Y : metal ( logam)
If the cylinder is made from plastic the time taken for cylinder to
Topple is faster than metal cylinder.

Jika silinder diperbuat daripada plastik, masa bagi silinder
Untuk jatuh adalah lebih cepat berbanding silinder logam

Planet Time taken to complete one revolution
Masa yang diambil untuk satu pusingan lengkap
P 88 days ( 88 hari)
Q 225 days ( 225 hari)
R 365 days (365 hari)
U 30 years ( 30 tahun)
V 84 years ( 84 tahun)
W 165 years ( 165 tahun)
X 249 years ( 249 tahun)



The ( trend ) the ( wtc ) The ( trend ) the ( wto )

The increased the distance of planet from the sun the increased
The time taken to complete one revolution

Semakin bertambah jarak planet dari Matahari semakin
Bertambah masa yang diambil untuk satu pusingan lengkap






Table 4 shows information gathered by a pupil in an
investigation
What is the hypothesis of this investigation ?
At day 15, phase of the moon is full Moon
At day 15, size of the Moon is the biggest ( most)
Pada hari ke 15, saiz Bulan adalah paling besar
At day 5 and 25 , size of the Moon is the smallest ( least)
Pada hari ke 5 dan 25, Saiz bulan paling kecil
State one conclusion that can be made from information in Table 4
Handout
Hypothesis / Conclusion / relationship
What is to change
Volume of water that is used
Isipadu air yang digunakan
What is to observe
The time taken for the water to boiled
Masa yang diambil oleh air untuk
mendidih
The increase the volume of water that is used
the increase the time taken for the water to boiled
Semakin bertambah isipadu air yang digunakan
semakin bertambah masa yang diambil oleh air untuk
mendidih
The time taken for the water to boiled is
related to the volume of water that is used
Hypothesis / Conclusion / relationship
The food needed by an animal per day is
affected by its surrounding temperature and its
activity level
What is to change
1. Surrounding temperature
Suhu persekitaran
2. Activity level
tahap aktiviti
What is to observe
TheAmount food needed by an
animal per day
Jumlah Makananyang diperlukan
The increase the surrounding temperature
the increase the food needed by an animal per day

Semakin bertambah suhu persekitaran semakin
Bertambah makanan yang diperlukan oleh haiwan
dalam sehari
The increase the activity level the increase
the quantity of food needed by an animal
per day
Semakin bertambah tahap aktiviti semakin
Bertambah jumlah makanan yang diperlukan
Oleh haiwan dalam sehari
Hypothesis / Conclusion / relationship
The number of trees left can affect the
temperature of surrounding

Bilangan pokok yang tinggal mempengaruhi
suhu persekitaran
What is to change
Number of trees left.
Bilangan pokok yang tinggal
What is to observe
temperature of surrounding
Suhu persekitran
The increase the number of trees left the
decrease the temperature of surrounding

Semakin bertambah bilangan pokok yang
tinggal semakin berkurang suhu persekitaran
To investigate the relationship between (wtc)
With .(wto.

Untuk mengkaji hubungan antara (mv)
dengan ..RV
Aim / Purpose
To investigate the relationship between ..
With
Wtc : the time
Wto : The number of ant
Wtc :the time
Wto :The number of ant
Some grain of sugar is left near the ant trails in the class at 9.00 am.
The number of ant coming is recorded as fallow.

9.00 am
9.00 pagi
9.05 am
9.05 pagi
9.10 am
9.10 pagi

The pictures above show two types of animals laying eggs.
A scientist observes the rate of survival of the young hatched
from the eggs. He records his findings 3 months after they are
hatched.

Wtc: Type of animal
Jenis haiwan

Wtc: behaviour of animal
(take care its eggs /young)
Perangai haiwan
( menjaga telur / anak)


Wto:
Number of young that are alive
Bilangan anak yang hidup


To investigate the relationship between type of animal with
Number of young that are alive.

Mengkaji hubungan antara jenis haiwan dengan bilangan anak
yang hidup
To investigate the relationship between behaviour of animal with
Number of young that are alive.

Mengkaji hubungan antara perangai haiwan dengan bilangan
anak yang hidup
Aim / Purpose
To investigate the relationship between ..
With
Wtc :
Location of the cities
Lokasi bandar
Wto :
duration of day time
Tempoh waktu siang
Aim / Purpose
To investigate the relationship between ..
With
Wtc :
Distance planet from the Sun
Jarak planet dari Matahari
Wto :
Surface temperature
Suhu permukaan
Wtc :
Distance of object from torch
Jarak objek dari lampu suluh

Wto :
Height of shadow
Tinggi bayang-bayang
To investigate the relationship between the distance
Of object from the torch with the height of shadow
Untuk mengkaji hubungan antara jarak objek dari
Lampu suluh dengan tinggi bayang-bayang
Height of shadow
Tinggi bayang-bayang
screen
skrin
Object
objek
Torch
Lampu suluh