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PETE 411
Well Drilling
Lesson 29
Cementing
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Cementing
Cementing Processes
Casing
Liner
Squeeze
Plug
Density of Mixtures
Cementing Equipment
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Read:

Applied Drilling Engineering, Ch. 3
HW #15 - Well Control W&W
due 11-18-02
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Cement is used in Drilling
Operations to...
Support and protect the casing
Prevent the movement of fluid through the
annular space outside the casing
Stop the movement of fluid into vugular or
fractured formations
Close an abandoned well or a portion of a well
Sidetracking
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Types of Cementing Processes
I. Primary Cementing

1. Full String
2. Liners
3. Large Pipe (lesson 31)
4. Stage (lesson 31)
A. Survey and perforate
B. Stage collars
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Primary Cementing
Full String Cementing
Steel
Casing

Borehole

Cement

Steel Liner
Liner Cementing
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Types of Cementing Processes
II. Squeeze Cementing

1. Shoe
2. Casing (up-hole)
3. Open-hole (lost-circulation)
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NEW SLURRY
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Types of Cementing Processes
III. Plugging

1. Open-hole plug back
A. Fishing Operations
B. Abandonment
2. Casing
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Types of Cementing Processes
IV. Special Techniques

1. Land
2. Off-shore
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Mixing Cement
(basis is 1 sk. of cmt.)
The density-volume formula:



Slurry Yield (volume of mixture/sk):
mix n b c w
W W ... W W W = + + + +
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|
= + + + +
sk
cu.ft.
48 . 7
v
sk
gal
v v ... v v v
mix
mix n b c w
mix mix n n b n w c w w
v v ... v v v = + + + +
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Rotary Drilling Cementing
(basis is 1 sk of cmt.)
Density of Each Component in Slurry:

e.g. Density of Barite =

Specific Gravity of Barite * Density of Water



lb/gal 33 . 8 * 23 . 4
b
=
lb/gal 35.2
b
=
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Rotary Drilling Cementing
(basis is 1 sk. of cmt.)
mix
mix mix
i
i
i
i i
mix
v
v
=
v
v
=
Density of Cement Slurry:
|
.
|

\
|
volume
mass
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Wiper Plugs
Wiper plugs are equipped with rubber-cupped fins
which wipe mud from the walls of the casing ahead
of the cement and clean the walls of casing behind
the slurry.

Examples of wiper plugs are shown in the next slide.
The top plug also serves as a means of determining
when the cement is in place.
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Mud film thickness Feet of fill per 1000
5 1/2 7
1/16 1.6mm 50.6 40

1/32 0.8mm 25.5 20

1/64 0.4mm 12.6 10

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Cementing
After
Cementing
(check)
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