In the happiness of his subjects lies the

kings happiness, in their welfare his

welfare. He shall not consider as good
only that which pleases him but treat as
beneficial to him whatever pleases his
subjects.
Arthashastra
Wealth without work;
Pleasure without conscience;
Knowledge without character;
Religion without sacrifice;
Politics without principle;
Science without humanity;
Business without
ethics.
Meaning:
Systematizing, defending and recommending
concepts of right and wrong behavior.

Ethics is a all about what is right or wrong, fair
or unfair, proper or improper.

What is right is ethical and what is wrong is
unethical.
Ethics is not a recent discovery.

The word Ethics coined from
Latin word: Ethics
Greek word: Ethikos
Both represents, character,
Definition:
According to Oxford Dictionary, ethics is relating to
morals; treating of moral questions; morally correct;
honorable.
Ethics refer to the code of conduct that guides an
individual while dealing in a situation. It relates to the
social rules that influence people to be honest in dealing
with the other people.
Character
of Man
Conduct
of the
Person
Series of
Actions
Good or
Bad, Right
or Wrong,
Moral or
Immoral
Decided BY
Leads to
Taken
together
considered
as
Moral
Judgment
By which we
can judge
again
Morality and Ethics:
Morality is a code of value to guide mans choice and
actions. What is right / Wrong, good or evil.
Morality evaluate actions on the basis of customs,
expectations of society, and some beliefs.
Same as ethical principles also give an idea about right
or wrong.
However, ethics gives code of conduct developed by
proper testing to guide the human behavior.
Ethics & Religion:
Ethics gets idea from religion
Through experiments it approves them as code of
conduct.
The development of ethics is dependent on the religious
morality.

Ethics and Law:
Law is a code of conduct, which the authority in power
prescribes for society.
It is the minimum regulation necessary for public order.
Ethics is a much wider term than law.
Ethics concentrate on the dos and Laws on the donts.
Respect your elders.
Ethics & Values:
Values are deep-seated ideas and feelings that manifest
themselves as behavior or conduct.
There is a very thin line, between ethics and values.
Both drive what is right and what is wrong in human
conduct.
By knowing consequences of our actions, we can convert
values into rules of behavior that can be derived as
ethics.

Value + Knowledge = Ethics
Action:
One use to perform various actions through his life
span. These actions are:
1. Constructive actions:
These are the actions which should be
undertaken.
2. Destructive actions:
These are prohibited actions, which should be
avoided.
Ethical Actions:
can be explained as a social, organizational,
national or personal activity into which
individual is ready to function entirely in the
spirit of service and dedication.
World survives because of ethical action done by
all.
Characteristics of Ethical Actions:
Ethical actions are essential not only for outward
activities but also for the inner disposition of the
mind.
It is a mind were good or bad thoughts emerges
first.
Good thoughts need to be converted into action, &
it leads to ethical behavior.
Karma Yoga is the way of ethical action.
Action performed with detachment and without
interest in the fruit of action does not bind man to
the world.
Active resistance to unethical action is the
central idea of in the Karma doctrine.
A person following the Karma doctrine understands:
that his concern is with action alone.
that he has no concern with results
that he should not entertain the motive of gaining
a fixed result for given action.
that these idea do not mean that he should sit back
courting inaction.
Mind is man.
As the mind, so the individuals and their
experiences.
If the mind is good, the individual is good if the
mind is disturbed, the individual is disturbed.



Basic of mind Management:
Our present day life is summation of all yesterdays
which we have lived.
On any day we use to perform various activities, &
those activities are influenced by our past
intellectual thoughts & emotional feelings.
When thoughts of individual are expressed in
words it becomes action.
Our thoughts determines our actions, good thoughts
leads to actions and vise versa.
Objective and Subjective Minds:
Life is flow of experiences.
An experience is a product arising out of the union
of the subject and object.
Subject: is the person how experience.
Object: is which is been experienced.
When a contact is being established between the
experiencer and experienced, the arise an
experience.
Objective and Subjective Minds:
Mind is constituted of two distinct sides
Side One: Facing the word of stimuli that reaches it
from the object of the world & it is objective mind.
Side Two: Facing the within which react to the
stimuli received & it is subjective mind.
The objective and subjective mind should work in
unity for revealing right experience.
Subjective mind influences object mind.

Real World
Objective
Mind
Subjective
Mind
World of
Action
Egoistic Desires
Objective and Subjective Minds:
Our mind has the layers of egoistic desire in between
Objective & Subjective mind.
The greater the distance between these two, the
greater the confusion in us.
In the state of confusion mind become unsteady and
loses its moral.
We become incapable of facing the challenges of life.

Dual Personality:
Every one of us has a picture of the ideal self.
We have a self concept of a morally strong, ethical,
physically loving and socially disciplined person.
But this ideal remains only in the realm. We miss judge
our self as a ideal person. The dark feature of our
personality may be:
1. Ostentation 2. Arrogance 3. Anger;

Dual Personality:
The dark feature of our personality may be:
1. Ostentation:
Pretending to be righteous but living unrighteous ways of
life.
2. Arrogance:
Excessive pride of learning, wealth, social status of family
connections & imagined self-importance lead to arrogance.
3. Anger:
When an arrogant man looks around him and finds that
worlds estimate of him is different from his own estimate he gets
anger.
Dual Personality & Self development:
We find selfish man in society criticizing the slightest
trace of selfishness in others.
As long as we do not realize the existence of this dual
personality in ourselves, there can not be any self
development.
Each one of us needs to fight the battle of life so what
that we gain inner peace.


Characteristics of Self development
1. Independence: A self developed person is self-sufficient.
2. Universal: True love is universal, even and equal to all.
3. Objectivity: means maintaining an impersonal attitude in
life.
4. Cheer: A self developed person is not gloomy. Morose or
depressed.
5. Dynamism: As we evolve to perfection we shed our Tamas,
laziness & indolence.
Path of Action:
Through intelligent action, an individual can
exhaust his existing impressions and make his subjective
mind more clear and crystalline.
And the intelligent is a Path of Action.
The path of action is also called as Karma Yoga.
Path of Knowledge:
Lifes ideal can be attained only through knowledge.
The path of knowledge is moving from ignorance to
knowledge.
The way of action and the way of devotion are the means of
the ways of knowledge.
Path of Discrimination:
The path of knowledge is to control of the emotions of
attachment, fear and anger.
Attachment: develops desire.
Fear: Sense of insecurity.
Anger: anger arises towards those who come between the self
of attachment.
Anger is directly proportional to the amount of fear one
entertains from the person creates obstacles in achieving
once desire.

Path of Sacrifice of Wealth:
Most of the time we use money for our selfish motives.
When we part wealth in charities with no expectations it is
sacrifice of wealth.
It helps in strengthening positive tendencies and
overcoming greed.
All the religions of the world emphasize on giving regular
charities .
Path of Self-control:
This path is similar to Jainism.
Vardhaman Mahavir, conquered his self, his body desire,
drives and dualities like love and hate.
This path believes in the life self-control and absolute
detachment from all the belongs to our physical body.
According to Patanjali self control is of five kinds:
Non injury, truthfulness, non-stealing, celibacy and non-
acceptance of gifts,
which means refusal to accept instruments of pleasure.

Path of Mind-control:
It involves concentration and meditation.
Concentration is the fixing of the inner sense upon object,
an idol or image of God. It is devotion of God.
Meditation is the continuity of concentration.
This path is known as path of Yoga.
Business ethics: can be defined as written and unwritten codes
of principles and values that govern decisions and actions
within a company.
In the business world, the organizations culture sets
standards for determining the difference between good and
bad decision making and behavior.
Organization culture: they define the way things are done
within the organization.
Organization culture has three main elements:
1. Basic values, attitudes and beliefs of the organization.
2. Organizational goals, polices, structures and strategies
which are shaped by these basic values, attitudes & beliefs.
3. Organizational way of doing day to day things.
Organizational values are found in mission statements, code
of ethics
Here is a list of ten desired values of a business organization:
1. National service through industry
2. Fairness
3. Harmony
4. Cooperation
5. Continuous improvement
6. Courtesy
7. Humility
8. Assimilation
9. Gratitude
High
Low
Low High
Economic Concern
Exploitative
Holistic
Balanced
Manipulative
Moral Concerns
Values Organizations Matrix
Types of organization
On the basis of extent of economic & ethical concern
organization can be categorized into four types:
1. Exploitative
2. Manipulative
3. Balanced
4. Holistic.

Types of organization
1. Exploitative:
organizations with low economic and ethical concern
are exploitative in nature.
For ex. Child labour, use rivers for dumping wastes and
indulge in corrupt practices.
2. Manipulative organization:
These organisations have high concern for economic
performance but low for ethical concerns.
These organization manipulate tax laws, labour laws
and union leaders.

Types of organization
3. Balanced Organisation:
Balanced organizations have high ethical and
economical concern. These organisation are able to create profit
while fulfilling their economic obligation.
These organizations encourage freedom of enquiry,
support personal values and reinforce them.
4. Holistic organization:
There are organizations that have high ethical and low
economical concern.
Involves in charity work and are willing to spend money to spend
fulfill their social and ethical obligations.
Types of organization
Codes of Ethics:
are statement of values and principles which defines the
purpose of the company.
The most common way of institutionalizing ethics in the
organization, apart from the mission statement is to
establish a code of ethics.
Three terms are used interchangeably
1. Code of ethics
2. Code of Conduct
3. Code of practice.

Corporate Code Of Ethics
Code of ethics:
The statements of values and principles which defines the
principles of the company.

Code of Conduct
Statements of rules comprised of a set of rules stated either
affirmatively or as prohibitions.

Code of practice.
This is how be do things around here.

Corporate Code Of Ethics
Management is an art of getting things done
through people.
This definition categorizes two sets of people.
1. Manager
2. Workers
One group of people are dominating other group.
Ethical Issues at Workplace
Recognizing conflicts of interest & avoiding them
Deciding if a business gift is just a gift or a bribe.
Attaining fairness in employee performance appraisals
Initiating disciplinary action against employee
Executing an order to take action against staff
Safeguarding confidential information.
Achieving tradeoff between interest of customers,
employees, suppliers, owners, and society.
Human welfare and improving the quality of life of the
society.
Social responsibility implies an obligation to deal with
social problems that business organizations are believed to have
towards the society in which they function.
There are arguments in favor of social responsibility: