Selection of Location for Distribution Substation

6/26/2014 1

Parameters
Number of consumers
Load 1 Load 2 Load 3 Load 4 Load 5
P, kW 25 400 630 63 1000
X, km 0.3 0.4 1.2 1.6 2.8
Y, km 0.3 1.2 1.6 0.3 1.0
Cos 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.75 0.9
Finding load center coordinates from the data given below

Find: a) Determine the coordinates of active electrical load centre
b) Determine the coordinates of reactive electrical load centre
c) Plot the given data on the load topology graph.
I take 3x2km topology with power loads consumers (1 div. = 0.1 km).
6/26/2014 2
Find the highest load (load 5) radius using m
a;

1000
0.63
3.14 800
km

R
a5
=(P5/*ma5)
Solution:
a) Plotting the electrical load centers of each consumer on the load topology, with
scale of m
g
=0.2km/cm (Fig.1)
b) Calculating the radius of a circles of active and reactive load of each consumer.
c) Calculating the scale for active load (m
a
) using the the following formula


Taking the lowest load(load-1) radius R
a1
= 0.1km,

then = 25/3.14*0.1
2
=796800 kW/km
2
min
.
2
min
;
active p
P
m
R

min
.
2
min
;
active p
P
m
R

R
ai
=(Pi/*ma) and R
ri
=(Pi/*ma),
6/26/2014 3
if the max. load R
a5
is possible to plotted on the topology, then the scale is accepted for the
rest of active load to plot their radius, therefore the scale is accepted the rest of the active
loads to plot their radius.
Therefore,
Calculating the radius of circles for active loads with the scale I get that is
ma=800kw/km2

R
a1
= 0.0199*P1 =0.0199*25=0.10km
R
a2
= 0.0199*P2 =0.0199*400=0.40km
R
a3
= 0.0199*P3 =0.0199*630=0.50km
R
a4
= 0.0199*P4 =0.0199*63=0.16km
R
a5
= 0.0199*P5 =0.0199*1000=0.63km

d) Calculating the reactive load of each consumer using the following relation:

Q
1=
Pi*tan(i)
where, tan the angle which can be found using cos. i= cos
-1
(cos( i) ),
cos(i) is the power factor for Pi load
6/26/2014 4
Load1 1=cos
-1
(0.6 )= 53.13
o

Load2 2=cos
-1
(0.7 )= 45.57
o

Load3 3 =cos
-1
(0.8 )= 36.87
o
Load4 4=cos
-1
(0.75 )= 41.41
o
Load5 5 =cos
-1
(0.9 )=25.84
o

Therefore, the reactive power is
Q
1
= 25*tan 53.13 = 33.33Kvar
Q
2
=400*tan 45.57= 408.04KVar
Q
3
=630*tan 36.87= 472.50KVar
Q
4
=63*tan 41.41= 55.56KVar
Q
5
=1000*tan 25.84= 484.28KVar


6/26/2014 5
e) Calculating the radius of circles for reactive loads with the
same scale that is ma=800kw/km2

R
r1
= 0.0199*Q1 =0.0199*33.33= 0.11km
R
r2
= 0.0199*Q2 =0.0199*408.04=0.402km
R
r3
= 0.0199*Q3 =0.0199*472.50=0.43km
R
r4
= 0.0199*Q4 =0.0199*55.56=0.15km
R
r5
= 0.0199*Q5 =0.0199*484.28=0.44km
=



We need to use the following formula to determine coordinates of all consumer loads
1
0
1
;
n
i i
i
a n
i
i
PX
X
P

6/26/2014 6
1
0
1
;
n
i i
i
a n
i
i
PY
Y
P

Centre A (X
a0
; Y
a0
) location of the main Distr.SS
1
0
1
;
n
i i
i
r n
i
i
Q X
X
Q

1
0
1
;
n
i i
i
r
n
i
i
QY
Y
Q

Centre B (X
r0
; Y
r0
) location of the Comp.
equipment
Where,
X
a0
; Y
a0
coordinate of the active electrical load centre
X
r0
; Y
r0
coordinate of the reactive electrical load centre


f) Finding the approximate centre of active and reactive electrical loads:
6/26/2014 7
=

Therefore , the distribution sub station will be allocated near by point A (1.80 ; 1.20)
1
0
1
;
n
i i
i
a n
i
i
PX
X
P

x
ao

=
x
ao
= 1.80km
1
0
1
;
n
i i
i
r n
i
i
QY
Y
Q

Y
ro
=
Y
ro
= 1.20km
6/26/2014 8
1
0
1
;
n
i i
i
r n
i
i
QY
Y
Q

Y
ro
=
Y
ro
= 1.20km
Therefore , the synchronous compensator will be allocated near by point
B (1.50 ; 1.20).
x
ro
= 1.50km
1
0
1
;
n
i i
i
r n
i
i
Q X
X
Q

x
ro
=
6/26/2014 9

Parameters
Number of consumers
Load 1 Load 2 Load 3 Load 4 Load 5
P, kW 25 400 630 63 1000
R
a
, km 0.10 0.40 0.50 0.16 0.63
Cos 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.75 0.9
tan 1.33 1.02 0.75 0.88 0.48
Q , kVar 33.33 408.04 472.50 55.56 484.28
R
r
, km 0.11 0.402 0.43 0.15 0.44
Answer: Point A(1.80 ; 1.20) will be the place where the DSS is to be located and centre of active load.
Point B (1.50 ; 1.20) will be the place where the Comp. is to be located and centre of reactive
load.
Load center coordinates output data
6/26/2014 10
Fig.1. Load Topology of all group of consumers
6/26/2014 11
Conclusion
Location of transformer substation
and compensating equipment is
near to the larger loads.
When the power factor increases,
the active load radius increases and
the reactive load radius decreases.