SUBMITTED TO:-

Mr. Vijaypal Sharma

Lect. In ElectronicsDept.
SUBMITTED BY:-
Mohit Bansal
06-CSE-2964
FOURIER TRANSFORM

The Fourier transform allows us to decompose a
composite aperiodic signal Into an infinite series
of simple sine waves, each having a different
frequency and phase.
In this case, however, the frequencies are not
discrete but rather a continuous spectrum.
Transformation changes the time domain to
frequency domain and vice-versa. Because the
spectrum is continuous, the result is an envelope
of the frequency domain components rather than
a plot of the components themselves.

To calculate the envelope, the following integrals are used:


df
dt
Where j=
The presence of an imaginary number in the equations is a matter of
convenience. The imaginary component has a physical interpretation having to do with
the phase of a waveform.
APERIODIC SIGNALS & THEIR FOURIER
TRANSFORM


At sin(ft)
ft


At sin (ft)
2
ft
(jA/2) * {[(sin ft)/ft ] exp(-jft)-1}

2At * cos(ft)
1-(2ft)
2
0 t
A
-t/2 t/2
Rectangular Plane
0
t
t -t
A
Triangular Plane
A
0 t
t -t
Sawtooth Plane
A
0 t
t/2 -t/2
Cosine Plane


Parsevals Identity for Fourier
Transforms
We know that
f(t)= a
0
+ a
n
cos nw
o
t +b
n
sin w
o
t ) .(1)
[f(t)]
2
= f(t).f(t)(2)
Putting eq. (1) in (2) :
[f(t)]
2
=1a
o
f(t) +

n=1
a
n
f(t)cos nw
o
t +b
n
f(t)

sin w
o
t]
2
Now 1/T
T/2

T/2
[f(t)]
2
dt
= ao
T/2

T/2
[f(t)] dt + 1/T

n=1
[a
n T/2

T/2
[f(t)] cos nw
o
t dt
2t
+ bn
T/2

T/2
[f(t)]sin nw
o
t dt ] ..(3)




We have already proved that
ao=2/t
T/2

T/2
f(t)dt ,
an =2/t
T/2

T/2
f(t) cos nwot dt and
bn=2/t
T/2

T/2
f(t) sin nwot dt
Subsitituting all these values in eq (3),we get :
1/T
T/2

T/2
[f(t)]
2
dt
= (ao/2)
2
+

n=1
(a
2
n
+b
2
n
) (4)

This is the Parsevels identity .











Energy spectrum for non-periodic
functions :-

For non-periodic energy signal, the total energy in (- , )

F(jw) [

F(t) e
jwt
dt]dw
=(1/2)

F(jw) F
*
(jw)dw)is finite, but energy per unit is
zero because 1/T .
Hence ,the energy associated with f(t) is given by :
E=
T/2

T/2
f(t)
2
dt ..(1)

As we know
f(t)=(1/2) -

F (jw)e
jwt
dw .(2)







Using eq (1) and (2)
E =

f(t) (1/2)

F(jw) e
jwt
dw dt
=(1/2 ) )

F(jw) [

F(t) e
jwt
dt]dw
= (1/2 ) )

F(jw) F(-jw)dw
=(1/2)

F(jw) F
*
(jw)dw
E= (1/2 )

|F(jw)|
2
dw
=

|F(f)|
2
df joules
We can conclude that
E=

|f(t)|
2
dt=

|F(f)|
2
df
This is called Rayleyghs Theorem
or Parsevals Theorem for Fourier Transform .
|F(f)|
2
is called energy spectrum density s(f)
which is equal to energy per unit frequency.



THANK
YOU