Power System/Smart Grid Lab.

Multi Agent System for Distributed Voltage

Regulation
TRINH Phi Hai
Power System/Smart Grid Lab.
Content
2
1. Introduction
2. MAS technology
3. The Construction of Smart
Grid based on IOT
4. Design and Implementation
5. Conclusion
Power System/Smart Grid Lab.
Introduction
3
Multi Agent Systems (MAS) have recently emerged as a new paradigm that can
facilitate distributed control. The MAS can be used to enhance many of the
system operation and control function

The voltage regulation on a distribution feeder is provided mainly by the load tap
changing (LTC) substation transformer. However, this device does not provide fast
enough voltage regulation

Therefore, MAS approach is used to share the voltage regulation effort and
perform the coordination of distributed generators with flexibility and reliability in
distribution network
Power System/Smart Grid Lab.
MAS technology
4
MAS technology is an emerging modern technology which is based on agent
oriented programming.

Agent definition: An Agent is a software or hardware entity situated in some
environment and is able to react to change in its environment (reactivity), be
driven
Agent benefits
Fault tolerance Flexibility
Extensibility
Distribution Open architecture
MAS is able to take agents out of
operation easily and adds new one
while the others are running
it is ability to add new
functionality to a system without
the need to re-implement the
existing functionality

which is the possibility to be placed in different
environments and still have the same goals and
abilities
Ability to understand
different programing
languages and to
communicate in a
flexible way between any
agents
Which is possibility to seek alte
rnative agents to provide the r
equirement services when the
appointed agent fails
Power System/Smart Grid Lab.
Voltage Regulation
5
Voltage deviation at the customers point of connection is one of the most
important aspects of the supply voltage/voltage quality.

According to the standard, the voltage magnitude variation on the network is
limited within % of the nominal voltage during 95% of the time of week

Main solutions for controlling voltage deviations in a distribution network are summarized as
follows:
Voltage control by the OLTC of the transformer substation
Reactive power control with DGs and compensators
DG active power control

Power System/Smart Grid Lab.
Voltage Regulation (Cont.)
6
Feeder voltage regulation:
The voltage on a conventional distribution feeder (with no DG) is controlled by
the Load Tap Changing or Voltage Regulator (LTC or VR) placed at substation.
On the feeder with multiple DGs, LTC or VR, these devices are not fast enough
voltage regulation.
Power System/Smart Grid Lab.
Voltage Regulation (Cont.)
7
The LTC can adjust its set point to bring the voltage profile of feeder 1 back in the
normal voltage range but this decrease in the voltage profile of the feeder 2 is
dominated by load consumption
Power System/Smart Grid Lab.
Voltage Regulation (Cont.)
8
LTC and VR cannot provide the quick voltage support needed to restore the
voltages Absorbing active and reactive power is normally considered as a
solution to deal with this voltage rise problem

To provide an improve voltage regulation scheme with plug and play feature, we
need the following:

A communication link between the VR and DGs: it will allow us to dispatch DGs
to provide voltage support when needed
Base on the capability of DGs to provide the active and reactive power support
during emergency conditions that are too short for the VR to react.
Power System/Smart Grid Lab.
Autonomous voltage regulation
9
A configuration of Multi Agent System to regulate
autonomously the cell of network

Power System/Smart Grid Lab.
Autonomous voltage regulation
10
The combination of active and reactive power dispatch schemes can give better
solutions to deal with different kinds of voltage changes, the main idea is to reach
the optimal control as follows:

Min

() power flow at each node

0.95

1.05 voltage const. at each node

0

reactive power generation of DG j and its limits

0

active power generation of DG j and its limits

The objective function represents the cost of dispatch, which is the total amount of active
and reactive power needed from all DGs.


Power System/Smart Grid Lab.
Autonomous voltage regulation
11
Power sensitivity factor: The sensitivity of bus voltage due to the changes of
active and reactive power generation can be presented by linear equations as
follows:

are elements of the Jacobean matrix corresponding to derivations of the

active and reactive power
=

and =

With the assumption that the active power loads and active power output of the
DG will not change:
0
Q
=
C
11
C
12
C
21
C
22
V
l
V
g

V
l
V
g
= D Q
The reactive power sensitivity factor for a voltage change at node k is determined:

Power System/Smart Grid Lab.
Autonomous voltage regulation
12
Similar, we have the active power sensitivity factor for a voltage change at bus k is
determined :

The bus voltages can be controlled by a active and reactive power dispatch based
on the ranking of the sensitivity factor

and

Power System/Smart Grid Lab.
MAS Based dispatch
13
Voltage violation occurs at the last
node An, this agent detect the
problem and sends moderator an
information message
Moderator sends a Request for
Proposals (RFP) to each agent within
its cell
Each DG agent updates the value of
its sensitivity factor and responds with
a proposal message including its
possible capacity to control the
voltage at bus n or a refuse message
The moderator decides on dispatch on the dispatch order of the proposals
of the DGs, agents in the list of selection will receive an Accept_Proposal
message from the moderator
This process is repeated until the

is less than 0.001 or all DGs real and
reactive power outputs both reach their limit.