Data

Communications
An Overview
2
This course intends to explain how
data communications work
It will give you the basis for
understanding data communications
in general
And know how to connect PCs
with other PCs
What is Data Communication?
It is the process of communicating
information in binary form between
two or more points.
Sometimes called computer
communication
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Brief History
A Scottish inventor proposed a simple
but profound system. The system
uses 26 parallel wires (plus ground).
1833, Carl Friedrich Gauss used a
code based on a 5X5 matrix
19
th
century, Samuel F.B. Morse
invented the telegraph
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History (2)
The telegraph replaced the Pony
Express
Morses invention merged the human
mind and equipment
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Data Communication Systems
Uses intelligent device to convert a
character or a symbol into coded form
or vice versa.
In Morses system the intelligent
devices were the ___.
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Definitions
Codes standard interpretations
between signalling elements and
characters
Characters the letters, numbers,
punctuation marks and other signs
and symbols
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Definitions (2)
Signalling elements something that
is sent over a transmission channel
and used to represent characters.
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Baudot Codes
Developed by Emile Baudot, a
French, in 1870s
Each character has the same code
length (5 signalling elements)
Better suited for machines than
Morses codes
Not enough to include the digits
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EBCDIC
Stands for Extended Binary Coded
Decimal Interchange Code
Developed by IBM
It is an 8-bit code, enabling 256
characters to be represented
Used only in IBM mainframes
and other IBM-compatible systems
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ASCII
American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
Defined by American national
Standards Institute (ANSI) and by
International Organization for
Standardization or ISO
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ASCI (2)
It is a 7-bit code, only 128 characters
can be represented
Formally known as ANSI standard
X3.4-1977
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Extended ASCII
Introduced by IBM in 1981
It is an 8-bit ASCII code
It supports the 7-bit ASCII standards
13
Data Communication Systems
Any system or computers, computer
terminals or computer peripheral
equipment used to transmit and/or receive
information between 2 or more locations
14
Network architectures outline the
products and services for the
individual components w/in data
communications network to
operate together

Simplified Communications
Model - Diagram
Key Communications Tasks
Transmission System Utilization
Interfacing
Signal Generation
Synchronization
Exchange Management
Error detection and correction
Addressing and routing
Recovery
Message formatting
Security
Network Management
Simplified Data
Communications Model
Networking
Point to point communication not
usually practical
Devices are too far apart
Large set of devices would need
impractical number of connections
Solution is a communications
network
Simplified Network Model
Wide Area Networks
Large geographical area
Crossing public rights of way
Rely in part on common carrier
circuits
Alternative technologies
Circuit switching
Packet switching
Frame relay
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)