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Physical characteristics

of water
Odourless ,colourless
and tasteless liquid
at room
temperature
Has a density of 1g
per cm
3
at 4
0
C
Its freezing point is
0
0
C
Its boiling point is
100
0
C
Poor electrical and
thermal conductor
Expands upon
freezing

Physical characteristics
of Water

Melting
Boiling
Condensation
Freezing

Physical characteristics of Water
Freezing
Freezing is the process in which a liquid
becomes a solid through cooling.
- The freezing point of water is 0
0
C
Boiling
Boiling is the process in which a liquid
becomes steam.
- Boiling Point of water is 100
0
C



Impurities in water can change the physical
characteristics of water.
The presence of salt in sea water causes it to
have a salty taste.
Impurities can influence the freezing point,
melting point and boiling point of water.
Effect of impurities on the physical
properties of water



`







Has a density of 1g
per cm
3
at 4
0
C

Water is a chemical compound that consists of two
parts of hydrogen and one parts of oxygen.
The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in one molecule of
water is 2:1
Composition of Water
Water molecules
Water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen
through a process of electrolysis.
The chathode is the electrode that is connected to
the negative terminal of a battery
The anode is the electrode
that is connected to the positive
terminal of a battery


Electrolysis



What is a process involved in dry
up wet clothes??
P T N
V A A E I R O O
E I O V A O R A
Evaporation is a process in which a liquid changes to a gas at
any temperature below the liquids boiling point.
Water evaporates into water vapour at any temperature
below 100
0
C
Evaporation occurs only on the surface of a liquid
Water Evaporation
Factors affecting the rate of evaporation
Humidity of air
Temperature of the surroundings
Surface area of water
Movement of air

1)Temperature of the surroundings




2) Movement of air

3) Surface area of water

4)Humidity of air

Quick Review
Underline the correct answers in the
statement below to describe the application
of evaporation of water in daily life as shown
below.

Wet clothing will dry up faster if the
surrounding air is (hot / cold), (humid / dry),
(windy / non windy) and if the expose surface
area of the clothing is (smaller / larger).

Evaporation VS Boiling


Evaporation VS Boiling
Dry wet clothes
Application of Evaporation
Production of food
stuffs

Dry latex sheet in smoke
house
Evaporated milk
Solvent, solute and solutions
A solvent is a liquid that is used to dissolve a
substance (solute)
A solute is the substance that dissolves in a
solvent
A solution is the mixture that is formed
from a solvent and a solute.
Solution And solubility

Solute
Solvent
Solution

Solution
a) Dilute Solution
- Solution that has very
little solute c) Saturated Solution
- Solution that has
maximum amount
of solute. A
saturated solution
cannot dissolve any
additional solute
that is added to it
b) Concentrated Solution
- Solution that has a
lot of solute

Transparent and homogeneous
Allows light to pass through it
No residue is form when it is
filtered

Contains many insoluble,suspended
particles.
Non Transparent and non-
homogeneous (cloudy)
Not allows much light to pass through
it
Residue is form when it is filtered
Solution And suspension
Solution is a mixture containing dissolved
substance
Suspension is a mixture containing insoluble
substance.
Solution And suspension
Solubility is the maximum amount of solute in
grams that will dissolve in 100g of solvent at a
given temperature.
Solubility expressed in gram per 100ml of
water
At 20
0
C the solubility of calcium chloride is
38g per 100 ml of water. This means that the
solution is saturated when 38g of sodium
chloride is dissolved in 100 ml of water.

Solubility

Factors affecting the solubility of
a solute
The nature of solute
The temperature of
the solvent
The nature of the
solvent

Rate of dissolving depends on
Rate of stirring
Temperature
Size of solute
particles

Neutralisation is the reaction between acid
and alkali which forms salt and water.
Neutralisation
Natural Sources of water
Rainwater
Sea
River
Lake
Well/Spring
Water purification is the process of removing
undesirable chemicals, materials, and biological
contaminants from contaminated water. The goal is
to produce water fit for a specific purpose.
Water Purification

Methods of water purification
!) Filtration
2) Boiling and chlorination
3) Distillation

Water Supply
Water treatment plant


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2
3
Water treatment plant

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5

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