Active immunity

Resistance developed in response to

stimulus by an antigen (infecting agent or
vaccine) and is characterized by the
production of antibodies by the host.
Passive immunity
Immunity conferred by an antibody
produced in another host. It may be
acquired naturally or artificially
(through an antibody-containing
preparation).
Vaccination

Vaccination is a method of giving antigen to
stimulate the immune response through
active immunization.

A vaccine is an immuno-biological substance
designed to produce specific protection
against a given disease.
A vaccine is antigenic but not pathogenic.
DEFINATION
Active Immunization in
Newborn

BCG

-Bacille - live bacteria
-Calmette - acteriologist
-Guerin - veterinarian
Benefits of the BCG Vaccine

Helps prevent children from getting very sick
from TB that can cause coughing, fever, and
difficulty breathing.

TB is most often an infection of the lungs, but it
can also affect other parts of the body.

Does not prevent all types of TB but it helps
prevent serious types of TB
(meningitis, miliary TB)

Routes of administration





Intradermal (ID) injection administers the
vaccine in the topmost layer of the skin.
Intradermal injection of BCG vaccine reduces
the risk of neurovascular injury.
Doses 0.05ml
muscle deltoid
STORAGE
BCG vaccine should be stored and transported between
2C - 8C

The diluent should not be frozen. The vaccine should be
protected from the light.

Vaccine ampoules and diluents should be transported
together
Adverse drug reactions

Normal Reaction to the BCG Vaccine

Small blister where the vaccine was given.

Small raised red bump that can swell and leak fluid 2 - 4
weeks after the

vaccine, this usually heals within 2 - 3 months and may
leave a small scar.

Severe injection site reactions, discharging ulcers,
abscesses and keloid scars are generally caused

- Poor vaccination technique.
- Excessive dose.


Contra-indications

The BCG vaccine should not be given to patients with:
- A past history of TB.
- A positive pre-immunisation tuberculin test.
- A previous anaphylactic reaction to vaccine component.
- Compromised immunity due to treatment or disease.
- Generalised septic skin conditions.
- Acute illnesses with fever or systemic upset.
- HIV-positive individuals - the BCG vaccine is absolutely
contra-indicated in symptomatic HIV-positive patients.

Do NOT:

massage the arm

put cream or ointment on it

put a band aid on the sore

pop or scratch the bump

If you are concerned about a reaction with the vaccine, talk with your

health care provider




type of scar
Normal scar is 5-7mm
THANK YOU