Introduction to Engineering, E10.

1
Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of
computer systems to assist in the creation,
modification, analysis, or optimization of a
design.

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the
use of computer systems to plan, manage, and
control the operations of a manufacturing plant
through direct or indirect computer interface
with plants resources.
To increase productivity of the designer
To improve quality of the design
To improve communications
To create a manufacturing database
To create and test toolpaths and optimize them
To help in production scheduling and MRP models
To have effective shop floor control
Developing NC code requires an understanding of:
1. Part geometry
2. Tooling
3. Process plans
4. Tolerances
5. Fixturing
Most CAD/CAM systems provide access to:
1. Part geometry
2. Tooling

A set of tool paths and positions
can be automatically generated
These paths can be edited and
modified
These paths and instructions can
then be posted to a specific
machine
Before CAD After CAD
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Less expensive than building a physical model.
Can be used for presentations and marketing.
3D models can be altered easily, create
more concepts
3D models are easier to interpret.
3D models can be used to perform engineering
analysis, finite element analysis (stress,
deflection, thermal..) and motion analysis
3D models can be used directly in manufacturing,
Computer Numerical Control (CNC).
Introduction to Engineering, E10. 9
Mechanical Engineering Dept
9
What is FEA ?
A complex problem is divided into a smaller and
simpler problems that can be solved by using the
existing knowledge of mechanics of materials
and mathematical tools
Why FEA ?
Modern mechanical design involves complicated
shapes, sometimes made of different materials
that as a whole cannot be solved by existing
mathematical tools. Engineers need the FEA to
evaluate their designs
Introduction to Engineering, E10. 10
Mechanical Engineering Dept
10
The process of dividing the model into small pieces is called meshing. The
behavior of each element is well-known under all possible support and load
scenarios. The finite element method uses elements with different shapes.
Elements share common points called nodes.
mesh analysis results
Ken Youssefi Introduction to Engineering, E10. 11
Introduction to Engineering, E10. 12
A CNC machine is an NC machine with the added feature of
an on-board computer.
2
The program path is generated
by computer
A solid model of the part is
created.
1
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Machining Centers, equipped with automatic tool changers,
are capable of changing 90 or more tools. Can perform
milling, drilling, tapping, boring on many faces.
Parametric is a term used to describe a
dimensions ability to change the shape of
model geometry if the dimension value is
modified.
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Parametric models are featured-based,
parametric, solid modeling design program:
SolidWorks, Pro-Engineer, Unigraphics (CSG
and parametric), Autodesk Inventor, ..
Feature-based is a term used to describe the
various components of a model. A part can
consist of various types of features such as holes,
grooves, fillets, and chamfers.
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The true power of parametric modeling shines through when
design changes need to be made. The design modification is
made by simply changing a dimension.
Since the counterbore is associated with the top surface of the
ring, any changes in the thickness of the ring would automatically
be reflected on the counterbore depth.
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10
15
30 Pattern: 8 Holes
Take the word sketch literally. A sketch should be just
that, a sketch.
When sketching it is not necessary to create geometry
with accuracy. Lines, arcs, and additional geometry
need not be created with exact dimensions in mind.
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When discussing the mind-set needed for working with
parametric modelers, two topics need to be expanded:
Sketching and Features
Sketching
In short, the sketch need only be the approximate size and shape
of the part being designed. When dimensions are added, they
will drive the size and the shape of the geometry.
When the dimensions are added, the sketch will
change size and shape. This is the essence of
Parametric Modeling.
Sketched Feature
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Features
Create a feature from the sketch by extruding,
revolving, sweeping, lofting and blending.
2.75
2.5
1.0
.25
.75
Create a 2D sketch.
Revolved feature
Extruded feature
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Creating Solids - Sweep
Sweep feature
Profile (section)
Path (guide)
A Sweep feature requires a profile and a path. The profile will
follow the path to create the solid.
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Creating Solids Loft (different profiles)
Sections (profiles) do
not have to be sketched
on parallel planes
All sections must be
either closed or open
Round profile
Round
profile
Square
profile
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Loft in
SolidWorks
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Applied feature does not require a sketch.

It is applied directly to the model.

Fillets and chamfers are very common
applied features.
Chamfer
Fillet
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Shell hollowing out a solid
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Linear (rectangular) pattern
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Applied Features - Patterns
Linear (rectangular) pattern
1. Select direction 1 and 2
2. Select spacing in dir. 1 and 2
3. Select # of features in dir. 1 and 2
4. Select feature to pattern
Ken Youssefi Introduction to Engineering, E10. 25
Circular (polar) pattern
1. Select axis of rotation
2. Select spacing between features
3. Select # of features
4. Select feature to pattern
Part modeling
Assembly
modeling
2D
drawing
Pull down menu View orientation, 2D
and 3D
Princip
al
planes
View toolbar
Sketc
h
toolb
ar
Standar
d menu
Right click
on any
principal
plane icon
SolidWorks Layout - Views
Two dimensional
orthographic views
Front
Right
side
Top
3D
isometric
view
View
perpendicular to
a selected plane
Zoom to
fit
Previous
view
Standard
Orthographic
views and 3D
views
Pan
Rotat
e
Zoom window
Dynamic
zoom
Wireframe
Hidden Lines
Visible
Hidden
Lines
Removed
Shaded
View
Provides
shadow in
shaded mode
Grid/Snap
Drawing
tools
Modifying
tools
2D
Sketch
Enter/Ex
it
3D Sketch
Importing an
image into the
sketch
environment
Spline
outlining the
product
Project entities
into a new
sketch plane for
reference
Projected entities
Fillet
Chamfe
r
Move
Rotate
Rectangul
ar Array
Circul
ar
Array
Mirror
Offset
Split
entitie
s
Locates the intersection of two
planes and turns it into a sketch
curve
Plane 1
Plane 2
Allows you to extract a
curve for other applications,
not active in sketch mode.
3D
curve
Two curved entities
Two straight entities
Apply constraints (relations) to entities. Select
entities and then select the desired constraint
Selection
window
Select