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MASS FLOW
METERS
R. Mascomani
Chief Research Engineer
FCRI, PALAKKAD.
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MASS FLOW
Determination of energy balances
Measuring efficiency of Engines
Energy content of natural gas/Crude
Mass is constant independent of pressure,
temperature, gravity, viscosity, pressure,
temperature, density
Mass Flow tops the list
2
MASS FLOW MEASUREMENT
3
MASS FLOW MEASUREMENT
Inferential
mass flow meters :
Employs simultaneous
measurements of flowing volume
and density.
Product gives mass flow.
4
CORIOLIS MASS FLOWMETERS
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6
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Oscillating Flow Tube, No Flow
Inlet Side
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Oscillating Flow Tube – Response
to Flow
Fluid Reactive
Outlet Force (Outlet)
Twist
Axis Support
Inlet
Axis
Outlet Side
Inlet
Side
Fluid Reactive
Force (Inlet)
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10
Dual-Tube Sensor
Inlet Outlet
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11
Oscillating Flow Tube, No Flow
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Dual-tube Sensor
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Mass Flow Measurement
SENSOR SIGNAL , NO SENSOR SIGNAL , WITH
FLOW FLOW
Outlet Side
C1 OutletSide
C1
Inlet Side
C2
Inlet Side
C2 ∆T ∆T
Time Time
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Flow Calibration Factor (FCF)
3.8552 5.13
Flow Factor
(grams/sec/µ second of ∆ T)
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How Transmitter Computes Mass
Flow-Calibration Constants
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MECHANISM OF VIBRATION
Tube anchored at two points vibrate
up&down
Vibration at resonance
Vibration at free end
Forces operate in opposite directions and
the tube twists
Twist angle or change in phase between two
transducers detecting the movement of legs
is measured
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m = K × ∆T / 8 / r 2
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MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
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PARALLEL TUBE
CONSTRUCTION
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DESIGN MASS FLOWMETERS
Fullscale deflections less than 0.001”
Chemical compatibility and material.
Pressure Rating
Flow Range
Pressure Drop
22
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TUBE CONFIGURATIONS
Variety of shapes
sensitivity
increase range
reduce stress
• Easier installation
• Needs sensitive detectors
24
PERFORMANCE
Size : 1/16" up to 6"
Flow Range : g/h - 10 t/m
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Calibration with different fluids
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Effect of Pressure
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Effect of Temperature
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C A L IBR A T IO N C UR VE (3 ")
E& H Sl N o.99 08 -30 08 1-1-1 8
0 .60 0
0 .50 0
% erro r in indic a te d ma s s
0 .40 0
0 .30 0
0 .20 0
0 .10 0
0 .00 0
-0 .10 0
-0 .20 0
-0 .30 0
-0 .40 0
-0 .50 0
-0 .60 0
0 50 0 1 00 0 1 50 0 2 00 0 2 50 0
A ctu al flow rate in kg /m in
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CALIBR ATION C URV E
6",F R,M eter serial no .217458
0.500
0.400
% error in indicated mass
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
-0.100
-0.200
-0.300
-0.400
-0.500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Ac tual flow r ate in tons /hr
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C alibra tion curv e o f a ma ss flow m ete r
3",FR,M ete r S eria l n o.:3446 01
0.40
0.30
% Error in indicated m ass
0.20
0.10
0.00
-0.10
-0.20
-0.30
-0.40
0 1 00 2 00 3 00 400 5 00 600 7 00 800 900 10 00 1100 12 00 13 00
Actu al flo w rate kg /m in
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ZERO STABILITY
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OPERATIONAL SAFETY
Material compatibility
Tube under continuous stress
Stress corrosion cracking may result failure
Residual liquid may be potentially corrosive if liquid
carry over
Secondary containment for hazardous/explosive gases
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POTENTIAL FLUID EFFECTS
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ADVANTAGES
A clear tube provides a fundamental means of
measuring mass flow.
No moving components and requires less
maintenance.
Corrosion resistant materials.
Calibration independent of viscosity and flow
profile.
Immune to swirl and asymmetrical flows
Output linear with mass flow.
High turn down ratio
Very repeatable
36
COST OF OWENERSHIP
(Comparison of Coriolis and inferential meters)
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Comparison of meters
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DISADVANTAGES
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SIZING
Flow rate and line size.
Pressure and temperature ratings
Materials of construction.
Fatigue strength.
Pressure drop.
Liquids.
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FLUID VELOCITY
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CALIBRATION
Mastermeter system
Gravimetric methods
Volumetric methods
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CALIBRATION
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Calibration Schematic
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INSTALLATION
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Use of antivibration mounts to reduce the effects of stress.
Avoid vibration in the range of 40 - 200 Hz. ( Near pumps and motors )
Alignment of gaps to reduce stress
Downstream shut off valve to zero the meter.
No special up/down stream piping requirement.
Flow meter size can be less than process piping for low density gases.
20 - 30 pipe diameters in between meters to avoid "Cross Talk".
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APPLICATIONS
Truck loading
Ethylene,Hydrogen
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ACCURACY OF INFERRED
TECHNIQUES
Volume
Pressure
Temperature
GasComposition
Compressibility Factor and
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ACCURACY OF INFERRED TECHNIQUES
PV = n. R. T.Z. (real gas law relationship)
Z = 0.6 (for CNG at 2000 PSI and 50
deg.F with specific gravity of 0.7)
If compressibility is not accounted a
correction of about 40% is required in
mass flow.
Over 8000 meters for past 10 years
50
CRITERIA FOR GAS MEASUREMENT
Zero stability
Operational safety
Fluid velocity
Meter Uncertainty
Precision losses
51
ZERO STABILITY METER BALANCE /
INSTALLATION
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FLUID VELOCITY – GAS PROPERTIES
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ACCEPTABLE PRESSURE LOSS
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OPERATIONAL SAFETY
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METER UNCERTAINTIES
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POTENTIAL FLUID EFFECTS
60
CORIOLIS METERS IN THE NATURAL
GAS FIELD
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CORIOLIS METERS IN THE NATURAL GAS
FIELD
64
METER PROVING OF CORIOLIS METERS
Coriolis meters rarely require field calibration
Water calibration meets specifications on natural
gas
Performance verification by gravimetric scales or
fixed volume tank
Proving on natural with sonic nozzles or piston
provers
Coriolis meters in-situ calibration
Coriolis meters practical choice in quantifying
orifice and turbine meter
66
APPLICATION OF CORIOLIS METERS FOR
NATURAL GAS
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PRODUCTION
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COMPRESSION / TRANSPORTATION
Non-mechanical design
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COMPRESSION / TRANSPORTATION
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TRANSMISSION / DISTRIBUTION
A grid for remote region
To reduce the metering maintenance and
proving
Multiple orifice run costly
71
TRANSMISSION / DISTRIBUTION
Coriolis eliminated the need for skids
No need for flow conditioning and filters
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CNG METER CALIBRATION
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CORIOLIS METER AS A SIMPLE ENERGY
METER
Energy content of natural gas
Estimation of energy content of the
natural gas
Coriolis measures the mass
77
TESTING AND APPROVAL FOR CORIOLIS
METERS
Compressed air & natural gas, pipeline natural
gas
Against sonic nozzles, turbine master meters
and bell provers
Coriolis installation, application practices and
accuracy specifications
PTB & NMI approval for coriolis metering in NIST
approved dispensers
US (NIST), Canada, Mexico, Japan, Russia
Argentina, S.Africa, Venezuela, Chile, Colombia
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