Pamela Hobbs (2013) Presented by: Siti Ayu Bistari (S814265) Methodology Based on Aghas Model (2007) of the social meaning of language which claims that in human society, certain uses of language convey specific information about social roles and relationships. Taboo Language Taboo: denotes anything that is prohibited or forbidden Taboo language : set of words and expressions whose use is culturally or socially proscribed E.g. for taboo categories in English: epithets, profanity, vulgarity and obscenity Often used as cursing or swearing fuck is the most disreputable of all English words the colloquial verb and noun, universally known by speakers of English, designating the sex act
(Read, 1934, as cited in Hobbs, 2013) Evidence for the Origin of the Word Fuck A verb used literally and figuratively:
He fucked her vs Fuck you
Germanic languages: ficken and vicken which mean to knock, to strike or to thrust. Latin: futuere which means to copulate with French : foutre which is considered to be obscene First appearance in a poem before 1500: Non sunt in coeli, quia gwddbou xkuzt pg ifmk
Fuccant wivys of heli Translated: They are not in heaven, since they fuck the wives of Ely
Another example of poem by William Dunbar (1503): He clappit fast, he kist, he chukkit, As with the glakkis (foolishness) he wer ourgane (overcome)- Yet be his feiris (behaviour) he wald have fuckkit: Ye brek my hairt, my bony ane (one). The meaning of the word fuck 1 usu obscene: COPULATE 2 usu vulgar: MESS 3 used with with ~ vt 1 usu obscene: to engage in coitus with sometimes used interjectionally with an object (as a personal or reflexive pronoun) to express anger, contempt, or disgust 2 usu vulgar : to deal with unfairly or harshly : CHEAT, SCREW Merriam Websters New Collegiate Dictionary (11 th ed.). Verbs that have common meaning of to have sexual intercourse with ball, bang, do it with/to, fuck, have, hump, lay, make love to, screw and sleep with.
The differences between the verbs are: Certain verbs require a male subject in active constructions whilst certain do not Certain verbs are used metaphorically to denote someone who has been deceived or taken advantage of Mutual vs assaultive The Meaning of Fuck You Constructs an image of male-on-male sexual assault one of the strongest possible ways of telling someone that you wish to harm him is to tell him to assume the female sexual role relative to you (Baker, 1974)
Metaphorical expression of male sexual aggression which the speaker is dominant and the recipient is feminized and degraded However, today, Fuck you does not refer to physical sexual attack, instead, the attack takes the form of words to inflict humiliation and degradation The Metaphorical Structure of fuck Describe domination : to fuck is to dominate is penetration a subcategory of dominance?
Why it is metaphoric? There is no actual sex, rather the aspects of the Roman model of passive sex are being mapped onto the situations Attribute s of Roman Model Being overpowere d Being violated Being humiliated Being dehumaniz ed Used and objectified Being victimized Derivative Forms of Fuck Verbal form Message of sex, anger and violence E.g. Dont fuck with me, fuck you, the whole brake system is all fucked up. Examples of other derivative forms: I dont give a fuck, (oh) fuck!, What the fuck? Expressions of something that is very bad however The word fucking can be used in positive expressions as well E.g. Thats fucking brilliant, thats fucking awesome. Sexual experience may be either intensely positive (willing participant, achieving orgasm) or intensely negative (unwilling or coerced participant, failure to achieve orgasm), so, when transferred to other domains, it can refer to something intensely good or intensely bad. Taboo, Denotative Meaning and Near Synonyms Vulgar (Transitive) Non-Vulgar (Intransitive) - Vulgar colloquialisms
- An agent that deliberately carries out an action.
- Direct object is negatively affected
- Taboo
- Polite terms for sexual act
- E.g. have sex, make love, sleep together, go to bed, have relations, have intercourse, be intimate, mate, copulate.
- Sex is a joint activity which is mutually engaged in by two equal partners
- Approved for public discourse
Strongly associated with male speech community Use by women is less acceptable Express a male point of view regardless of the gender of the speaker. The Diverging Attitudes about the use of the Word Fuck Post-World War II era- sex was seen as something dirty, unspeakable and offensive As time changed and due to feminism, the attitudes towards both talking about and engaging in sexual activities relaxed considerably Results in the evaluation of the word fuck as a taboo word to a focus in its connotative meanings Users VS Non-users NON- USERS USERS - Fuck is vulgar and offensive
- Do not tolerate its use in their presence
- Do not use it themselves
- Evokes the core sexual meanings and associated sexual imagery that motivate the taboo
- Do not distinguish between literal and metaphorical usage - Frequent or casual users of vulgar language
- Rely on contextual factors to assign offensive or inoffensive meaning
- No more evokes images of sexual intercourse
- Fuck is a dead metaphor
- Distinguish between literal and figurative uses Conclusion
Are you going to use this taboo word now? - THANK YOU -