Rizals Second Sojourn in Paris

and the Universal Exposition of

1889
Universal Exposition (Exposition
Universelle) 1889
World's Fair held in Paris, France
100th Anniversary of the "storming of
the Bastille", an event traditionally
considered as the symbol for the
beginning of the French Revolution
Difficulty of Finding Quarters
For a short time, Rizal lived in the house of his
friend Valentin Ventura, at No. 45 Rue
Maubeuge.
He transferred his residence several times.
Finally, he lived together with two other
Filipinos Capitan Justo Trinidad and Jose
Albert.
Life in Paris
He used most of his time in..
- the reading room of the Bibliotheque Nationale
- living quarters writing letters to his family and
friends
- the gymnasium for his daily physical exercises
- visiting his friends, dining at the homes of his
friends, such as the Taveras, Venturas, Bousteds
and Luna


Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
-physician by vocation philologist by
avocation
Dr. Felix Pardo de Tavera
- physician by vocation and an artist and
sculpture by avocation
Paz Pardo de Tavera wife of Juan Luna
- June 24,1889 when Andres(Luling), the
second child was born and JPR the godfather
chose her name
Maria dela Paz Blanca Laureana Herminigilda
Juana Luna y Pardo de Tavera

BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE
,

Rizal and the Paris Exposition of 1889

Eiffel Tower,
- 984 feet high, built by Alexander Eiffel
- greatest attraction
Pres. Sadi Carnot (3rd French Republic)
200,000 persons or more crowd the daily
exposition
International Art Competition
- Felix R. Hidalgos painting won the 2nd
prize, Juan Luna and F. Pardo de Tavera
won the 3rd prize, while JPRs entry got no
prize.

Three Filipino Societies Rizal Founded
Kidlat Club
a social society of a temporary nature

Purpose:
To bring together the young Filipinos in the French capital so that they
could enjoy their sojourn in the city during the duration of the Exposition.

Members:
Antonio & Juan Luna,
Gregorio Aguilera
Fernando Canon
Lauro Dimayug
Julio Llorente
Guillermo Puatu
Baldomero Roxas

Indios Bravos (Brave Indians)

Inspiration:
American Indians who were not ashamed of their
names

Purpose:
Its members pledged to excel in intellectual and
physical prowess in order to win the admiration of
the foreigners particularly the Spaniards. They
practiced the use of sword and pistol. Rizal taught them
judo.

Members:
Same members

RDLM (Redencion de los Malayos)

Purpose:
The propagation of all the useful knowledge-
scientific, artistic, literary, etc..- in the Philippines.

REDEMPTION of the Malay Race (another aim)
Borneo Colonization project:
Not merely to have a place where Filipinos could live and
work with more liberty as well as free themselves from the
oppressive conditions of the Philippines for something else
important , which is freedom of action to attain the aim of
the RDLM.. Which means the redemption of the Malay race
(Dr. Leoncio Lopez-Rizal)

-Max Havelaar book (1860) by Multatuli (E.D. Dekker, Dutch
Author)

- Only a few trusted friends of Rizal became
members: Gregorio Aguilera, Jose Ma. Basa,
Julio Llorente, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano
Ponce, Baldomero Roxas & Father Jose Maria
Changco (Filipino priest)
- The aim of it was the propagation of all useful
knowledge scientific, artistic, literary, etc. in
the Philippines & the Redemption of the Malay
Race

- Rizals writing to Blumentritt from Hongkong
revealed his intention to be a leader of freedom, if
not in the Philippines, then in other lands.
- Provisions for Bornean colonization:
*Right of the colonists to buy the lands
*Free use of the seashores
*Unusual long term of lease for 999 years
*a period of time long enough for many
generations to form a nation and to
consolidate its status
Annotated Edition of Morga Published
Rizals outstanding achievement in Paris (1980)
He wrote in in the British Museum
It was printed by Garnier Freres
Professor Blumentritt wrote the Prologue
Rizals errors:
- Appraising the events of the past in the light of present standards
- Attacks on the church were unfair and unjustified because the abuses of
the friars should not be construed to mean that Catholicism is bad
Rizal published Morgas Sucesos = best of the many histories of the
Philippines written by the early Spanish writers
Dedicated new edition of Morga to the Filipino people, to know their
glorious past : TO THE FILIPINOS (p.159)
- Proved that Filipinos were already civilized before the advent of Spain

Comment on Morgas Publication Date
Paris, Libreria de Garnier Hermanos, 1890 title page of Rizals
annotated edition of Morga
Documentary evidence to show that Rizals edition of Morga must
have come off the press in 1889 not 1890.
3 Letters:
*October 12, 1889 Blumentritt received the edition
(Leitmeritz)
*December 28, 1889 Rizal sent copies to Dr. Baldomero
Roxas from Paris to Lipa
*December 31, 1889 Mariano Ponce received the book
Incontrovertible proofs that Morgas Sucesos came off the press in
1889.

Rizal as Historian
Rizals research studies in the British Museum (London) and in the
Bibliotheque Nationale (Paris) enriched his historical knowledge
His knowledge of foreign languages enabled Rizal to read historical
documents:
- Pigafettas famous First Voyage Around the World (Italian)
- Works of Marsden, Raffles, Lord Stanley, and Wallace (English)
- Writings of Blumentritt, Jagor, and Virchow (German)
Historical Commentaries which qualify Rizal to be a real historian:
Ma-yi (December 6, 1888) and Tawalisi of Ibn Batuta (January 7,
1889) (both written in London)

The Philippines Within a Century
In this article, he expressed his views on the Spanish
colonization in the Philippines
He predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic end of
Spains sovereignty in Asia
Parts:
- Beginning - glorious past of the Filipino people
- Middle - economic stagnation and happiness under the
harsh Spanish Rule
- Last - peered into the future and warned Spain of what
would happen to her colonial empire in Asia if she would not
adopt a more liberal & enlightened policy toward the
Philippines

The Indolence of the Filipinos
Defense of the alleged indolence of the
Filipinos
Critical study of the causes why the Filipinos did
not work hard during the Spanish regime
Main thesis: the Filipinos are not by nature
indolent


The Indolence of the Filipinos
10 Causes of decline in economic life:
- Native revolts and other internal disorders
- Wars which the Filipinos fought for Spain (Dutch,
Portuguese, English, etc.)
- Raids on the coastal towns and village by the
Muslim pirates of Mindanao and Sulu
- Forced labor
- Lack of stimulus to work harder (people could
not enjoy the fruits of their labor)

The Indolence of the Filipinos
- Government neglect and indifference
(agriculture, industry, and commerce)
- Bad example shown by Spaniards - despising
manual labor
- Teaching of Spanish missionaries
- Gambling
- System of Spanish education

International Association of
Filipinologists
Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris)
Letter to Blumentritt January 14, 1889
Prospectus: aim of the association to study
the Philippines from the scientific and historical
point of view
International Association of
Filipinologists
Officers:
- President: Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt(Austrian)
- Vice-President: Mr. Edmund Plauchut(French)
- Counsellors:
*Dr. Reinhold Rost(Anglo-German)
*Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor(Filipino-Spanish)
- Secretary: Dr. Jose Rizal(Filipino)
International Association of
Filipinologists
August 1889 (Paris) scheduled holding of
the inaugural convention
Renowned scholars in Europe:
- Dr. Reinhold Rost
- Sir Henry Yule
- Dr. Feodor Jagor
- Dr. A.B. Meyer
- Dr. H. Kern
- Dr. Czepelak

Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong
Planned by Rizal while still in Paris
To establish a modern college in Hong Kong
Aim: to train and educate men of good family and
financial means in accordance with the demands
of modern times and circumstances
Mr. Mariano Cunanan (Mexico, Pampanga)
- 40,000 pesos (initial capital)

Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong
Curriculum (Subjects):
- Ethics
- Religion
- Natural Law
- Civil Law
- Deportment
- Hygiene
- Mathematics
- Physics and Chemistry
- Natural History
- Geography

Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong
Curriculum (Subjects):
- Political Economy
- Universal History
- Philippine History
- Logic, Rhetoric, and Poetics
- Spanish
- English
- French
- German
- Chinese
- Tagalog
Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong
Curriculum (Subjects):
- Gymnastics
- Equitation
- Fencing
- Swimming
- Music
- Drawing
- Dancing

Por Telefono
La Vision del Fray Rodiguez
- Fray Jose Rodriguez
Por Telefono (Barcelona, 1889)
- Fr. Salvador Font (banning of Noli)
Dimas Alang
Telephone conversation between Fr. Font
(Madrid) and the father provincial (San Agustin
Convent-Manila)

Christmas in Paris
Jose Albert
Capitan Justo Trinidad
Christmas dinner: fried chicken, rice,
and vegetables
Rizals last Christmas dinner in Paris
After New Year brief visit to London
(unknown purpose)

Christmas in Paris
Two theoretical reasons:
- To check up his annotated edition of Morgas
Sucesos with the original copy in the British
Museum; and
- To see Gertrude Beckett for the last time
Middle of January 1890 back in Paris