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Artificial intelligence has been the subject of tremendous
optimism but has also suffered setbacks. Today it has become an
essential part of the technology industry, providing the heavy lifting
for many of the most challenging problems in computer science.
Operating Systems
A software that manages computer hardware resources and
provides common services for computer programs. The operating
system is an essential component of the system software in a
computer system. Application programs usually require an
operating system to function.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory
allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between
programs and the computer hardware.
Operating systems can be found on almost any device that
contains a computerfrom cellular phones and video game
consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
Examples of popular modern operating systems
include Android, BSD, iOS, Linux, OS X, QNX, Microsoft
Windows, Windows Phone, and IBM z/OS.
Types of Operating Systems
Real-time
Multi-user
Multi-tasking vs. single-tasking
Distributed
Templated
Embedded
The Singularity
A hypothetical moment in time when artificial
intelligence, human biological enhancement, or
brain-computer interfaces will have progressed to
the point of a greater-than-human intelligence,
radically changing civilization, and perhaps human
nature.
Because the capabilities of such an intelligence
may be difficult for a human to comprehend, the
technological singularity is often seen as an
occurrence beyond which the future course of
human history is unpredictable.