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CONTROL AND ANALYSIS OF UNIFIED
POWER FLOW CONTROLLER






By
K. VIMALAGOURI
HT.NO: 13U01D4308
M. TECH (Power Electronics)

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a control scheme and comprehensive
analysis for a unified power flow controller (UPFC) on the
basis of theory, computer simulation and experiment.

A UPFC rated at 10 KVA is designed and constructed,
which is a combination of a series device consisting of
three single-phase pulse width modulation (PWM)
converters and a shunt device consisting of a three-
phase diode rectifier.

Experimental results agree well with both analytical and
simulated results and show viability and effectiveness of
the proposed control scheme.
FACTS
Flexible AC Transmission
System (Facts) is a new
integrated concept based
on power electronic
switching converters and
dynamic controllers to
enhance the system
utilization and power
transfer capacity as well
as the stability, security,
reliability and power
quality of AC system
interconnections.
INTRODUCTION
Two main objectives of FACTS

Increase the TX capability of
AC line
Improved power transmission
capability
Improved system stability and
availability
Improved power quality
Minimized environmental
impact
Minimized transmission losses




FACTS KEY DEVICES
STATIC SYNCHRONOUS
COMPENSATOR(STATCOM).

STATIC SYNCHRONOUS
SERIES COMPENSATOR(SSSC)

.UNIFIED POWER FLOW
CONTROLLER(UPFC).
STATIC SYNCHRONOUS COMPENSATOR
It is a static synchronous
generator as shunt static var
compensator whose
capacitive or inductive
current can be controlled
independent of the system
voltage.
The operation of the
STATCOM scheme is
Validated in both the
capacitive and inductive
modes of operation.
STATIC SYNCHRONOUS SERIES
COMPENSATOR

It is a static synchronous
generator operated without
an external energy source
as a series compensator.
The o/p voltage is in
quadrature with and
controllable independently
of the line current.
It is increase or decrease
the overall reactive voltage
drop across the line and
thereby controlling the
transmitted electric power.

SSSC
The main function of the SSSC is to regulate the
TL power flow PL. This can be accomplished by
either direct control of the line current or indirect
control by compensating for the TL impedance,
Xs via a compensating injected voltage, Vs
UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER
(UPFC)
The UPFC scheme consists of two basic switching
power converter namely shunt and series
converters connected to each other through a dc
link capacitor.
The shunt converter operates exactly as
STATCOM for reactive power compensation and
voltage stabilization.
The series converter operates as SSSC to control
the real power flow
UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER
INTRODUCTION OF UPFC
THE UPFC PROPOSED BY GYUGYI IS THE MOST
VERSITILE FACTS CONTROLLER FOR THE
REGULATION OF VOLTAGE AND POWER FLOW IN
A TRANSMISSION LINE.

AN UPFC CONSISTS OF TWO VOLTAGE SOURCE
CONVERTERS.
1. SHUNT CONNECTED.
2. SERIES CONNECTED.

BOTH THE CONVERTERS CAN OPERATE IN A
RECTIFIER MODE OR IN AN INVERTER MODE.
UPFC
may control
voltage,impedence and
angle.
impact active and reactive
power flow in line.

BASIC CONFIGURATION OF A UPFC
the upfc is installed between the sending end and
receiving end of a transmission line.

the upfc consists of a combination of a series device
and shunt device, the dc terminals of which are
connected to a common dc-link capacitor.

the series device acts as a controllable voltage source.

the shunt device acts as a controllable current source.
Contd..
the main purpose of the shunt device is to
regulate the link voltage by adjusting the
amount of active power drawn from the
transmission line.
the active power can either be absorbed or
supplied by the series connected converter.
the shunt connected converter provides the
necessary power required, but also the reactive
current injected at the converter bus.
CONSTRUCTION
EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM PARAMETERS
1. CONTROLLABLE POWER RATING (P)


10 KW

2. SERIES DEVICE CAPACITY(PINV)

1.1 KVA (=11%)

3 .RMS VOLTAGE OF VC (VC)

+12 V/-12 V (=10%)

4. UTILITY LINE TO LINE VOLTAGE (V)

200 V

5. UILITY ANGULAR FREQUENCY (W0)

2*3.14*60 rad/sec

6. LINE INDUCTANCE (L)

1.0 mH (=10%)

7. LINE RESISTANCE (R)

0.04 OMH (=1%)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
RESULTS



Injected active power and Injected reactive power
Line active power and line reactive power

line voltage and line current
MATLAB
High-Performance language for technical
computing
Integrates computation, visualisation and
programming
Matlab = MATrix LABoratory
Features family of add-on, application-specific
toolboxes
SIMULINK
Software Package for modelling, simulating
and analysing dynamic systems
Supports linear & Non-linear systems
Supports continuous or discrete time
systems
Supports multirate systems
Allows you to model real-life situations
Allows for a top-down and bottom-up
approach
MATLAB VS SIMULINK
MATLAB
SIMULINK
OPPORTUNITIES
control power so that it flows on the desired
routes.
increase loading capacity of transmission lines.
prevent blackouts
improve generation produtivity.
Effective use of upgrading/uprating.

ADVANTAGES OF A UPFC
A UPFC MAY BE REQUIRED WHENEVER
THE PROBLEMS OF VOLTAGE AND POWER
FLOW ARE PRESENT.
THE POWER PLANNING STUDIES ARE
REQUIRED TO DETERMINE THE NEED OF A
CONSUMER.
THIS TYPE OF DEVICE IS MOST USEFUL IN
THE OPERATION OF RESTUCTURED POWER
SYSTEM.

CONCLUSION
Most sophisticated power flow controller Expensive.
Gives better performance as compared to
STATCOM,SSSC and TCSC.
Provide simultaneous, real-time control of all basic
power system parameters (transmission voltage,
impedance and phase angle) and dynamic
compensation of ac system.
QUERIES?????.......