Common Structural Rules for

Tankers and Bulk Carriers

Adopted by IACS Council

on 14 December 2005

• Summary of CSR
– Tanker Rules
– Bulk Carrier
Rules

• Harmonization

• Maintenance
Summary of CSRs

“Common Structural Rules for Double Hull

Oil Tankers”

“IACS Common Structural Rules for Bulk

Carriers”

IACS Common Structural Rules 2

 Summary of CSRs

Publish
15 Jan 2006

Jun 2004 1 Jan 2005 Apr 2005 30 Sep 2005 1 Jan 2006 1 Apr 2006

1st Draft
available to
Public

2nd Draft
Industry comments available to
6 months
Public

Industry comments
5 months

CSR CSR
Adopted Effective
IACS Common Structural Rules 3
CSR Tankers

IACS Common Structural Rules 4

 CSR Tankers

Section Topic Section Topic

1 Introduction 9 Design Verification

2 Underlying Principles 10 Buckling and Ultimate-

Strength
3 Rules Applications

11 General Requirements
4 Basic Information
Hull Girder Ultimate
12 Renewal
Strength Criteria (SiO)
5 Structural Arrangement

A Structural Strength
6 Material and Welding Assessment

B
7 Loads Fatigue Strength Assessment

C Buckling Strength Assessment

8 Scantling Requirements

D IACS Common Structural Rules 5

CSR Tankers

1st hearing (Jun ~ Dec 2004)

– 2834 comments received during hearing period
– 988 (35%) of which resulted in either editorial or
rule changes
– 197 of which are noted for future development

2nd hearing (Apr ~ Sep 2005)

– 228 comments received during hearing period
– 76 (33%) of which resulted in either editorial or
rule changes
– 12 of which are noted for future development

2005 feedback from industry meetings with designers,

shipyards and shipowner groups
– Japan (3 visits in 2005)
– Korea (2 visits in 2005)
– China (1 visit in 2005)
– Shipowner groups (5 visits in 2005)

IACS Common Structural Rules 6

CSR Tankers – Summary of Industry Feedback

a) General scantling increase - Feedback received that the general scantling

increase needs justification and is not supported by damage records
Rule change: Criteria reviewed and increase of some of the allowable
stresses for plate and stiffener requirements by 5-7% found justified.
b) Large localised increases from FE buckling - 2nd draft JTP Rules require
some areas where net scantlings are significantly above the as-built
scantlings of present fleet. Typically buckling assessment for FE caused
the increase.
Rule change: FE procedure revised to take into account combined
probability of cargo density, loading pattern and dynamic load level by
introducing a correction factor applied on the cargo pressure for the
extreme dynamic load combination.
c) Too many load cases - the number of FE load cases to be assessed
makes assessment very labour intensive
Rule change: almost halved the number of load cases by removing cases
which do not govern scantlings.

IACS Common Structural Rules 7

CSR Tankers – Summary of Industry Feedback
d) Corrosion margins - corrosion margins are too small for a design life of 25
years and will lead to a significant amount of steel replacement.
Rule change: upward adjustments made to the average and local (pitting,
edge and groove) corrosion.
e) Coating performance standard - lack of a minimum performance standard
for coating leads to large variation in application and actual coating life.
The coating of some ships is so poor that compete renewal by
sandblasting and re-coating is needed after a few years.
Rule change: IACS agreed to include a requirement for a minimum
performance standard in the common structural Rules by reference to
SOLAS upcoming regulation.
f) Grinding - allowance for grinding as a measure for increasing the fatigue life
was questioned.
Rule change: Rules modified to be more specific on where credit may be
given for grinding. Detailed requirements introduced on what is required
for the grinding procedure.

IACS Common Structural Rules 8

CSR Tankers – Summary of Industry Feedback
g) Fatigue – the fatigue design standard of 25 year operation in North Atlantic wave
environment is too severe taking into account the typical operation of the majority
of tankers. The criteria in principle disallows designs with material of HT36 in deck.

Reply: As the 25 NA design standard is given in the draft IMO Goal Based
Standard the project has decided not to make any amendments to the fatigue
target.
h) Hull girder ultimate strength – the hull girder ULS requirement in the second draft is
too severe and some existing vessels will not pass even in the as-built condition.
Use of material of HT36 is needed for compliance but contradicts the fatigue
criteria.
Reply: Studies performed during the Rule development did not support changes to
the requirement.
i) IACS recommendation 47 Shipbuilding and Repair Quality Standard - the IACS
recommendation is not up to date and may cause conflicts with commonly used
national standards.
Reply: The comment has been forwarded to IACS Survey Panel. The Rules have
been updated to make it clear that acceptable national standards are allowed. Rec.
47 is used as common reference document for strength assessment.

IACS Common Structural Rules 9

CSR Tankers – Summary of Industry Feedback
j) Delete primary support member prescriptive rules – the prescriptive
requirements for PSM are not needed since the members are checked
with FEM.
Reply: PMS requirements have been retained to have a consistent
application of requirements, a solid baseline minimum strength level, and
to “catch” limitations in the FE analysis such as limited quantity of loading
cases/conditions and assumptions for boundary conditions. To account
for differences between the two methods, the Rules permit scantlings to
be reduced to 85% of the prescriptive requirements where the FE results
demonstrate that reduction is acceptable.
k) Demonstrate link between damages and scantling increases – there is no
need for the scantling increase if there is no damage.
Reply: CSR was not developed as a response to damages on existing
vessels. Scantling increases will result from increasing the design basis.

IACS Common Structural Rules 10

CSR Tankers – Summary of Industry Feedback

l) Rolling tolerances - the under tolerances are eating into the wastage
allowance and should not be accepted. UGS also commented on lack of
specified procedures/locations for performing thickness measurements.
Reply: Question/issue is under review by IACS.
m) Approval of national fabrication standards - UGS raised concern over
approval of national fabrication standards on a class by class basis
without common procedures for the approval of such
Reply: The request is under review by IACS.

IACS Common Structural Rules 11

CSR Bulk Carriers

IACS Common Structural Rules 12

CSR Bulk Carriers : Table of Contents

Ch 1. General principles
Ch 2. General arrangement design
Ch 3. Structural design principles
Ch 4. Design loads
Ch 5. Hull girder strength
Ch 6. Hull scantlings
Ch 7. Direct strength analysis
Ch 8. Fatigue check of structural details
Ch 9. Other structures
Ch 10. Hull outfitting
Ch 11. Construction and testing
Ch 12. GRAB additional notation
Ch 13. Maintenance of Class & Thickness measurements
IACS Common Structural Rules 13
CSR Bulk Carriers

1st hearing (Jun ~ Dec 2004)

– About 3000 comments received during
hearing period
– 17 major modifications in the Rules
and re-writing of Chapters 7(Direct
Strength Analysis), 8 (Fatigue), 11
(Construction) and 12 (Ships in
Service)
– Modifications issued in 2nd Draft

2nd hearing (Apr ~ Sep 2005)

– About 1000 comments received during
hearing period
– 16 major modifications in the Rules
– Modifications issued in Final Draft

IACS Common Structural Rules 14

MAJOR MODIFICATIONS OF BULK CARRIERS
RULES AFTER THE FIRST DRAFT
– Larger uniform corrosion wastage allowances for transverse bulkheads, side
shell in line with 95% probability of non-exceedance (instead of 90%)
– Thickness rounding procedure is modified, due to harmonisation between
JTP and JBP
– Harmonisation of ships in service requirements between JTP and JBP

– Rewritten FEM procedure: Finite element models are now only three holds
models, with modified boundary conditions to provide same results between
direct and superposition methods

– Reduction of the number of loading cases to be considered in Direct strength

analysis

– Compliance with new SOLAS requirements for flooding of DSS bulk carriers
– Quartering sea loading for cross-deck structure, further to harmonisation
between JTP and JBP

– Mandatory GRAB notation for grab loading and steel coil requirements

IACS Common Structural Rules 15

CSR Bulk Carriers – Summary of Industry
Feedback

a) Mandatory grab notation – In order to protect the inner bottom against cargo
damages, grab notation has been made mandatory (Ship owners comment)
b) Increase in values of corrosion additions – Wastage allowances have been
increased by 1 mm to 2 mm compared to first draft. Higher increases concern
heated HFO tanks, transverse bulkheads and Side shell wind & water strake (Ship
owners comment)
c) Modifications of prescriptive requirements in Ch 3 Sec 6 & Ch 9 Sec 1 & 2 –
Continuity of strength within primary members (from cargo area to engine room
and fore/aft parts) has been put to the top level and the text modified to avoid
vague expressions (UGS comment). Prescriptive requirements concerning spacing
of primary members have been modified to suit successful recent designs
(Shipyards comments)
d) Prescriptive requirements for bulkheads - Prescriptive requirements for transverse
bulkheads in way of ballast holds of ships smaller than 150 m in length have been
added (Ship owners comments)
e) Number of loading conditions for Direct Strength Analyses – the number of cases
to be computed has been divided by a factor 2 to consider only the cases having
practical influence on the design (Shipyards comments)
f) Buckling procedure – the buckling requirements have been rewritten to be more
explicit and easy to apply ( Shipyards comments)

IACS Common Structural Rules 16

 CSR Bulk Carriers – Summary of Industry
Feedback

g) Relative deflection criteria – Relative deflection criteria between the double bottom
and the transverse bulkheads has been added to cope with UGS concerns about
flexible D/B structure (Ship owners comment)
h) Permissible misalignments – Values of IACS Rec. 47 for permissible
misalignments of some important structural details have been included in the rules
as minimum requirements (Ship owners comment)
i) Minimum thickness– Minimum thickness of weather deck has been found too
conservative and aligned on Oil Tankers CSR and inner side of DSS bulk carriers
has been reduced to be not greater than side shell (Shipyards comments)
j) Requirements for pillars - Prescriptive requirements for pillars have been added
and fillet weld accepted in compression only (Shipyards comments)
k) Deep penetration welding – The number of details where deep penetration welding
is requested has been increased (Class comments)
l) Scantling pressure for hatch covers in ballast holds – the pressure has been
reduced to take into account ullage effect ( Manufacturers comments)
m) Prescriptive coating performance standard – Lack of requirements in this case may
lead to poor standards applied in practice therefore this new item has been
introduced in the Rules (Shipowners comment)

IACS Common Structural Rules 17

CSR Bulk Carriers – Summary of Industry
Feedback

n) Provide mandatory prescriptive requirements for the spacing/scantlings of all

primary members– Direct strength analysis ( stresses + buckling + deflections) is
fundamentally trusted for scantlings of primary members in line with modern
practices (Ship owners comment)
o) Request complete ship extent FEM model - results of 3 holds models in the cargo
area may be extrapolated to fore/aft regions (Ship owners comments)
p) Increases of corrosion allowances not connected to IACS statistics – partially
accepted for areas where some damages could be omitted from the statistics
(voluntary grounding, contact damages on side shell) but not in general, as
corrosion allowances are based on IACS statistics ( Ship owners comments)
q) Reduce mini thickness of longitudinals – reducing mini thickness of longitudinals to
fit present practices was refused due to increase of corrosion allowances
(Shipyards comments)
r) FEM analyses and fatigue procedure lead to unreasonable increases of scantlings
– These increases are justified by excessive spacing of primary members. FEM
analysis is effective to detect this problem. Fatigue results are backed by real
damage cases (Shipyards comments)

IACS Common Structural Rules 18

Modifications between the third and final drafts

Corrosion allowance change limit length is returned back to 150 m

– IACS statistics show a difference of corrosion between
Handymax and Handysize on one side, Panamax and
Capesize of the other side. The limit is 50,000 dwt,
corresponding approximately to 190 m in length
– While the limit of 190 m is technically justified, an
additional wastage margin was provided in 1st and 2nd
drafts for vessels greater or equal to 150 m in length.
The length limit of 150 m was maintained in the Rules.

CSR notation is introduced for vessels complying with new Rules

– This will allow easy identification of ships built
according to the new Common Structural Rules for Oil
Tankers and Bulk Carriers

IACS Common Structural Rules 19

Harmonization and Maintenance

IACS Common Structural Rules 20

Short-term harmonization

Short-term harmonization issues identified as

barriers to adoption have been concluded.

– Corrosion additions
– Rounding
– Wave loads (quartering sea, H.G. shear)
– Hull Girder Ultimate Strength
– Buckling (prescriptive buckling)
– Finite element analysis (two methods in JBP)

IACS Common Structural Rules 21

Long-term harmonization

Full harmonization required for

– Wave loads

– Fatigue

– Finite element analysis

– Buckling

– Prescriptive requirements

IACS Common Structural Rules 22

Long-term harmonization

Full Harmonization Plan

• One year application and feedback period before long

term harmonization

• Detail plan for full harmonization will be developed by the

Hull Panel by the end of the one-year feedback period

• Three years of harmonization work

• One year for implementation (industry review)

• Full harmonization in five years from implementation

IACS Common Structural Rules 23

Maintenance of the Rules

• Common interpretations

• Feedback from Members and Industry

• Future amendments to CSR

IACS Common Structural Rules 24

Maintenance of the Rules

Groups involved in the rule maintenance

– Permanent Secretariat

– GPG

– Hull Panel

– Tanker and Bulk Carrier Project Teams

– Project Teams for Cross-checking FE

and Prescriptive Requirements

IACS Common Structural Rules 25

Maintenance of the Rules
Permanent Secretariat

• Coordinates the feedback, interpretation and amendment processes

and maintains master copy of the rules

GPG

• Provides oversight for the feedback, interpretation and amendment

processes and deals with policy matters

Hull Panel

• Is responsible for consistent implementation through common

interpretations, consistent replies, and future amendments

Tanker and Bulk Carrier Teams

• Provide technical expertise and prepare replies and interpretations

for Members

IACS Common Structural Rules 26

Maintenance of the Rules
Additional Project Teams to prepare for consistent
implementation of CSR

• FEA team cross-checking FE requirements

• Prescriptive Rule team for cross-checking prescriptive

requirements

• Teams will provide benchmark data for software

testing to ensure common application and
implementation

IACS Common Structural Rules 27

Features of the Common Structural
Rules

Some of the new features in the CSRs

include:

• Rounding
• Net thickness
• Hull girder ultimate strength
• Coating performance standard

IACS Common Structural Rules 28

Feature – Rounding
Round UP to next 0.5mm on wastage allowance
Example:
twas = 2.5mm from rounding up 2.2
2.2 = 1.0(side1)+1.2(side2)

Round TO nearest 0.5 mm on net thickness

Example:
tnet = 15.5mm from rounding 15.65

Add the two rounded numbers and the reserve addition to

give the gross thickness:
tgross = 15.5 + 2.5 + 0.5 = 18.5 mm

IACS Common Structural Rules 29

 Feature – Net Scantling
  Approach

Design In Service

Wastage
Corrosion Allowance
Addition

Predicted
Required corrosion Required Annual
Net Renewal Thickness
in 2.5 years Thickness Measurements
Thickness (0.5 mm)

IACS Common Structural Rules 30

Feature – Tanker Sample Wastage Allowance Values

IACS Common Structural Rules 31

 Feature – Sample Wastage Allowance Values for
BC-A and BC-B Bulk Carriers with L > 150 m

Within 3.0m below the top of tank

Deck iwo Tr. upper stool (Void) : 3.0mm
Face of PSM: 4.5mm Internal member:
Upper Deck: 4.0mm
Hatch coaming: 3.5mm 4.0mm
Sheer strake: 3.5mm
Slant : 4.0mm

Slant : 3.5mm Slant of stool: 4.0 mm Internal

Side shell: member:
Bulkhead (Upper): 5.5mm
S/H: 3.0mm
3.5mm Inner
Water Ballast

4.0 mm skin : Upper bracket: 4.5 mm

(wind&water) Bulkhead : 6.5mm Side frames: 4.5 mm
4.0mm Lower bracket: 5.0 mm
D/H:
3.0mm Slant of Lower Stool: 6.5mm (void)
Hopper Face of PSM: 3.5mm
3.5mm (wind&water)
Slant:
5.5mm
Inner bottom: 5.5mm

Bilge strake: 3.0mm Water

Ballast
Bottom: 3.0mm Keel: 3.0mm Internal member: 3.0mm
IACS Common Structural Rules 32
 Feature – Sample Wastage Allowance Values for
BC-C or Bulk Carriers with L < 150 m

Within 3.0m below the top of tank

Deck iwo Tr. upper stool (Void) : 3.0mm
Face of PSM: 4.5mm Internal member:
Upper Deck: 4.0mm
Hatch coaming: 2.5mm 4.0mm
Sheer strake: 3.5mm
Slant : 3.5mm

Slant : 3.0mm Slant of stool: 3.0 mm Internal

Side shell: member:
Bulkhead (Upper): 2.5mm
SH: 3.0mm
3.0mm Inner
Water Ballast

3.5mm (wind&water) skin : Upper bracket: 2.5 mm

Bulkhead : 3.5 mm Side frames: 3.0 mm
3.0mm Lower bracket: 3.0 mm
DH:
3.0mm
3.5mm (wind&water) Slant of Lower Stool: 4.0mm (void)
Hopper Face of PSM: 3.5mm
Slant:
4.5mm
Inner bottom: 4.5mm

Bilge strake: 3.0mm Water

Ballast
Bottom: 3.0mm Keel: 3.0mm Internal member: 3.0mm
IACS Common Structural Rules 33
Feature – Hull girder ultimate strength

• Harmonised design criteria

• JBP ultimate capacity method is included

in the JTP Rules

With full load homogeneous still water moment:

1.0M SW − FULL + 1.3M W ≤ M U / 1.1
With permissible still water moment:
1.0M SW − PERM − SEA + 1.2 M W ≤ M U / 1.1

IACS Common Structural Rules 34

Feature – Coating performance standard

• For ships contracted for construction on or after the date of IMO adoption of the
amended SOLAS Regulation II-1/3-2, by which an IMO “Performance standard
for protective coatings for ballast tanks and void spaces” will be made mandatory,
the coatings of internal spaces subject to the amended SOLAS Regulation are to
satisfy the requirements of the IMO performance standard.
• Consistent with IMO Resolution A.798(19) and IACS UI SC 122, the selection of
the coating system, including coating selection, specification, and inspection plan,
are to be agreed between the shipbuilder, coating system supplier and the
owner, in consultation with the Classification Society, prior to commencement of
construction . The specification for the coating system for these spaces is to be
documented and this documentation is to be verified by the Classification Society
and is to be in full compliance with the coating performance standard.
• The shipbuilder is to demonstrate that the selected coating system with
associated surface preparation and application methods is compatible with the
manufacturing processes and methods.
• The shipbuilder is to demonstrate that the coating inspectors have proper
qualification as required by the IMO standard.
• The attending surveyor of the Classification Society will not verify the application
of the coatings but will review the reports of the coating inspectors to verify that
the specified shipyard coating procedures have been followed.

IACS Common Structural Rules 35

 IMO Coating Performance Standards (CPS)
Earliest Implementation Schedule for SOLAS and
IACS CSR
Draft CPS Adoption of CPS and Revised
(DE 49) Revised SOLAS II-1/3-2 SOLAS II-1/3-2
(MSC 82) entry into force
mandating CPS
for ships
Approval of CPS with keel laid
and SOLAS II-1/3- on/after
2 01 Jul 08
(MSC 81)
SOLAS XII/6.3
enters into
force
recommending
CPS for Bulk
Carriers

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7

2006 2007 2008

(Jan) (Jan) (Jan)

IACS CSR requires CPS for ships

contracted for construction on/after the adoption
date of the Revised SOLAS II-1/3-2
IACS Common Structural Rules 36