POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

ON
TRANSDUCERS
 PRESENTATION BY :-
SHOBHIT KUMAR TIWARI
(GROUP LEADER)
SHAYAN MAQSOOD
SHITANSHU VINIT
SACHIDANAND KUMAR
VAIBHAV RAJ
SHEKHAR KUMAR
 TRANSDUCER
S
SENSORS MEETING THE NEEDS OF THE DAY


v
What actually a transducer is -
 A device which converts energy or
information in one form to another
 In other words, a device which
provides a usable output in response a
to specific input measurand which may
be physical or mechanical quantity
,property or condition.
of a transducers Ø RUGGEDNESS (Capability of
withstanding overload)
Ø LINEARITY (input – output
characteristics should be linear)
Ø REPEATABILITY (should reproduce
The main function of a

same output signal when the
transducer is to same input signal is applied
respond only for the again and again)
measurement under Ø HIGH OUTPUT SIGNAL QUALITY
specified limits for (quality of output signal should
which it is designed. be good)
Ø HIGH RELIABILITY & STABILITY
Ø GOOD DYNAMIC RESPONSE (output
should be faithful to input when
taken as a function of time)
Ø NO HYSTERESIS (should not give
any hysteresis during
measurement)
Ø RESIDUAL DEFORMATION (should
be no deformation on removal of
local after long period of
application)
CLASSIFICATON OF
TRANSDUCERS
 TRANSDUCER
S FOR
§
§
POSITION
RESISTIVE PRESSURE DISPLACEMENT TRANSDUCER
It is used to sense position of an object or the distance it has moved.
§ The physical variable being measured is made to cause a resistance
change in sensing element.
§ A resistance element AB with a sliding contact or shaft(w)
 linked with the object being monitored.


§
§


§
§
§
§



 ADVANTAGES
Ø Electrical efficiency high
Ø Provides sufficient output for control operations.
Ø Device may be excited by ac or dc supply.
DISADVANTAGES


Ø Mechanical friction between W and resistive

elements AB reduces its life.
 TRANSDUCERS FOR
PRESSURE
 RESISTIVE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
 INDUCTIVE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
 CAPACITIVE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
 RESISTIVE PRESSURE
TRANSDUCER
Ø It is based on an
arrange- ment in
which a change in
pressure results in
the change of the
resistance of a
sensing element .
Ø When applied pressure
changes, the
spring bellow
extends or
contracts thereby
moving the
resistance slider up
and
down.Consequently
changes in
resistance of
sensing resistive
 These changes in
resistance can be
made part of a
bridge circuit and
produce an AC or DC
signal for pressure
determination.

Bridge is balanced
under unstrained
condition but
becomes unbalanced
when gauge is
strained .

R1/R2=∆R3/∆R4
When subjected to
pressure change ,R3
increases , so R4
decreases .
 INDUCTIVE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER

§ In this case, change

in pressure produces
a change in the self
inductance of a
sensing element.
§ When pressure
being measured
increases, the bellow
expands and, hence,
the movable
magnetic core is
pushed more inside
the coil thereby
increasing in self
inductance.
Similarly, when
applied pressure
decreases, the
bellows contract and
thus the magnetic
 The changes in self
inductance can be made
a part of an inductance
bridge and converted
into an electrical signal
for pressure
measurement .
 As compared to the previous
resistive arrangement the
advantages of this inductive
type are as under :
No moving parts are used

thereby avoiding wear & tear,

No extra friction load is imposed

on the measuring system.


CAPACITIVE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
In this arrangement,
changes in pressure are
detected by the variation
in the capacitance of a
parallel plate capacitor
whose one plate is free to
move with change in
pressure.
The capacitance of the

capacitor is given by
 C=εA/d, where A=plate
area, d= plate separation
When pressure increases

the moving plate comes

inwards, thereby
decreasing d and
consequently increasing C.
However when the
pressure decreases exactly
opposite happens. The
changes in capacitance can
be used for pressure
 ADVANTAGES:-
§ Inexpensive and easy to construct.
§ Particularly effective for high frequency variations.
§ Capable of measuring both static and dynamic
phenomena. DISADVANTAGES:-
§ Sensitivity to temperature variation.
§ Possibility of erratic or distorted signals due to long leads.
§
TRANSDUCER FOR
VELOCITY
 VELOCITY TRANSDUCER
v It is an inductive transducer (active) that utilizes the basic
generator principle that when there is any relative
motion between a conductor and a magnetic field or
flux , an emf is induced in the conductor.
v The relative motion between flux and conductor is
provided in tachometer by the physical quantity under
measurement(velocity).
v The object whose angular velocity is to be measured is
directly coupled to the rotor made of permanent
magnet having N and S poles.
v
v
 TACHOMETER

Ø As the rotor rotates , its

alternating flux cuts
the stationary coils
thereby inducing an
alternating voltage ‘E’
in them. The
magnitude of ‘E’
depends on the
angular velocity of the
rotor directly. Polarity
of output voltage
indicates direction of
rotation.
Ø This emfcan be
measured by using a
moving coil voltmeter
having a uniform scale
calibrated directly in
 QUESTION
T I M E
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
