Cardiac cycle is defined as the

sequence of coordinated events which

take place during heartbeat.

The cyclical repetition of various
changes occurring in the heart from
beat to beat.

The time required for one complete
cardiac cycle is called cardiac cycle
time.
The cardiac cycle time is o.8 sec with
the normal heart rate of 72 to 75 /
min.

Ie, every event in the cycle is repeated
at the interval of 0.8 sec

The cardiac cycle time is inversely
proportional to the heart rate.
Mainly two types of changes occurs during
cardiac cycle :


1. Systole contraction of heart.

2. Diastole relaxation of heart.
There are 4 main events in the
cardiac cycle

1. Atrial systole
} atrial cycle
2. Atrial diastole

3. Ventricular systole
} ventricular cycle
4. Ventricular diastole
Atrial systole is the contraction of atria &
pumping of blood into the ventricles.

The duration of atrial systole is 0.1 sec.

Atrial diastole is the relaxation of atria &
filling of atria with blood.

The duration of atrial diastole is 0.7 sec.

Thus the total duration of atrial cycle is
0.8sec.



Ventricular systole is the contraction of
ventricles & pumping of blood from heart
into aorta & pulmonary trunk.

The duration of ventricular systole is 0.27sec
or 0.3sec

Ventricular diastole is the relaxation of
ventricle & filling of blood from atria into
ventricles.

The duration of ventricular diastole is
0.53sec or 0.5sec
The total duration of ventricular cycle is
0.8sec.

The ventricular systole includes

1. Isometric contraction period(0.05sec)

2. Ejection period (0.22 or 0.25sec)

a) Maximum ejection period (0.11sec)
b) Reduced ejection period
(0.11or0.14sec)


The ventricular diastole includes

1. Protodiastolic period (0.04sec)

2. Isometric relaxation period (0.08 sec)

3. First rapid filling phase(0.113or0.11sec)

4. Slow filling or inflow phase or Diastasis
( 0.167or0.19sec )

5. Last rapid filling phase(0.1or 0.11sec)

Intra atrial pressure changes:-
INTRAVENTRICULAR PRESSURE CHANGES:-
Intra aortic pressure changes
or
Aortic pressure curve :-

Ventricular volume changes during cardiac cycle:-