ANTROPOLOGI

KESEHATAN
Prof. (Em) Dr.dr.
H. Muhammad Rusli Ngatimin,
MPH.
Kuliah ke-1

THE FIELD OF MEDICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
08.00 08.50 PENGANTAR;
08.55 09.45 DETERMINAN KESEHATAN
DAN PENYAKIT;
09.50 10.49 BUDAYA, KESEHATAN DAN
PENYAKIT;
10.45 11.35 HIDUP SEHAT:
PREVENTIF DAN KURATIF
DOKTER
merasa sok pintar

Blaming
The
Victim
PENGANTAR
KOENTJARANINGRAT:
ANTROPOLOGI KESEHATAN
Membicarakan masalah konsep sakit, sehat,
pengobatan tradisional serta kebiasaan atau
perilaku dan pantangan - pantangan suatu
kelompok masyarakat terhadap makanan
tertentu.
PENGANTAR
ANTROPOLOGI KESEHATAN:
1. Helman:
Medical anthropology is about how
people in different cultures and social
group explain the causes of ill health, the
types treatment they believe in, and to
whom they turn if they gel ill;
PENGANTAR
ANTROPOLOGI KESEHATAN (lanjt).
SUKKINK:
1. Prehistoric studies of diet and disease;
2. Some anthropologist have degrees in
anthropology and medicine;
3. Others have double degreed in
anthropology and public health;
SUKKINK
(lanjt)

Medical anthropology

has important links to both medicine,
social science and the natural science
because in looking at health disease.
ANTROPOLOGI
Mair, 1970
talking about man
mengungkap
all about man
Beals and Hoijer: the science of man
Taylor, Culture:
knowledge, belief, art, moral, law,
custom,habits,
ACQUIRED BY MAN
AS A MEMBER OF SOCIETY
ANTROPOLOGI
Hasan:
Combines in one discipline
the approaches of
THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE,
THE SOCIAL SCIENCE,
THE HUMANITIES.
Biological and ecological approach:
ANTHROPOLOGY, MEDICINE, HEALTH
DETERMINAN KESEHATAN
DAN PENYAKIT
SICK
dia tidak sehat, sakit apa ya?
ILLNESS
Sakit/penyakit, erat dengan sosial,perilaku
DISEASE
Sakit/penyakit, erat dengan tubuh dan
biologis.
DETERMINAN KESEHATAN
DAN PENYAKIT
DISEASE AND ILLNESS:

TURNOCK, 1997

bisa saja penderita disease dan illness
merasa sehat, setidaknya tidak
merasakan adanya gangguan.
DETERMINAN KESEHATAN
DAN PENYAKIT
SLIKKERVEER(2001)
DISEASE
is described objective phenomenon
characteristic by altered function of the body
as biological organism;
ILLNESS
. ..subjective phenomenon ----modify
their normal behavior.
DETERMINAN KESEHATAN
DAN PENYAKIT
MERUJUK:
DOA,
Disability Oriented Approach
sehat adalah bebas dari derita disability
dan jauh dari ancaman kematian
(Ngatimin, DOA, 2003)
DETERMINAN KESEHATAN
DAN PENYAKIT
SICK
sick role
ILLNESS
a sanction, a PUNISHMENT of wrong doing
deviance deviated from social NORMS
INDICATOR of a social system performance
DISEASE
dis-ease
BUDAYA, KESEHATAN
DAN PENYAKIT.
CULTURE:
Groen et al,1962 BEDOUIN WOMAN
Negev Desert:
1. Lack of sun exposed;
2. Woman, most of the time indoors;
3. Go out in a whole cover dark dress;
4. Diet, poor vitamin A and D and Ca;
5. Women in high risk of osteomalacia
PERILAKU DAN PENYAKIT
NGATIMIN, 1987
PENGAMALAN PERILAKU BUKAN
PENYEBAB PENYAKIT DAN PENYAKIT
YANG TERJADI KARENA GANGGUAN
KESEIMBANGAN
agent, host and environment
BUDAYA, KESEHATAN
DAN PENYAKIT
BELIEF:
IKAN : Penyebab kecacingan
UDANG: Mempersulit persalinan
BUTA AYAM: Dikurung bersama ayam;

Dewi MATA (India) vs. I ATI (Bugis)
Kusta kutukan Tuhan
Pelangi (Gerlach) keguguran <- kandole?
EFEK SOSIAL
TERHADAP KESEHATAN
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
ketidak seimbangan antara
hasil penyuluhan
dan
perilaku berbasis kepercayaan
diperlukan perubahan perilaku melalui
ADOPTION PROCESS
ADOPTION PROCESS
ROGERS
1. AW areness;
2. IN terest
3. E valuation;
4. T rial
5. A doption

HIDUP SEHAT
preventif vs. kuratif

Hughes (1963)
In any society,
practices relevant to public health are
generally neither wholly megical
nor wholly empirical or scientific,
they are a mixture of both orientation and
often may simply be habitual
HIDUP SEHAT
preventif vs kuratif
Paul (1955)
If you wish to help a community improve its
health,
YOU MUST LEARN TO THINK THE
PEOPLE OF THE COMMUNITY
Ngatimin (1987)
CARILAH PERSAMAAN, HINDARI
PERBEDAAN


change of the pattern
of disease
THE FIVE LEVELS OF PREVENTION
o------------o------------o-----------o-----------o
HEALTH SPECIFIC EARLY DIAGNOSIS DISABILITY REHABILITATION
PROMOTION PROTECTION AND PROMPT LIMITATION
TREATMENT
===1
st
==== == 2
nd
== ======3
rd
=====
prevention prevention prevention
HIDUP SEHAT
TANPA OBAT (HISTO)