Professional Documents
Culture Documents
R
1))
k = 0.5 and R = 128
NICK method [3] : T = m+ k.
( P
i
2
m
2
)
N
k : [-0.2, -0.1], P
i
: gray-level value of the pixel, and N : number of pixels
Global thresholding (T=mean(I) )
I
int
x, y =
255 if I x, y > T
I(x, y) otherwise
Local thresholding (Sauvola)
Binarized image
Binarized image
The proposed method
Fig. Histogram of the document image. thresholds
extracted with Otsus method, Isodatas method and
the average value of the pixels.
Test and results
Datasets
Degraded samples from the National Bibliotheca (BN Algiers).
book 1842 - -
116 Arabic printed pages
Fig. Representative sample of database
Test and results
Evaluation system
Preprocessing
Database
Page separation
Binarisation
Deskew
Border removal
Segmentation
Test and results
Evaluation system
Preprocessing
Database
Page separation
Binarisation
Deskew
Border removal
Segmentation
Feature
Generation
Projection prof
Upper profile
Lower profile
Nbr vertical pixel
transition
White/Black
Fig. An original word image and features used in word image matching
(a) Original word image
(b) Vertical projection
(c)Upper profile
(d) Lower profile
(a) Number of vertical transition of pixels white /black
Test and results
Evaluation system
Preprocessing
Database
Page separation
Binarisation
Deskew
Border removal
Segmentation
Feature
Generation
DTW
Projection prof
Upper word prof
Lower word prof
Nbr vertical pixel
transition
White/Black
Projection prof
Upper word prof
Lower word prof
Nbr vertical pixel
transition
White/Black
Precision + Recall
Precision x Recall x 2
= (%) measure - F
N
C * 100
= (%) Recall
M
C * 100
= (%) Precision
where
and
(a) Original image
Fig. Binarization results of document image
(b) Otsu
(c) Isodata
(d) Niblack (e) Sauvola
(f) NICK (g) Proposed
Table. The Evaluation Measures
Objective
Discrimination between the machine printed and handwritten text
Results
Encouraging results by combining Radon energy and statistical
features using SVM classifiers with the RBF kernel
Future works
Distinguish machine printed/handwritten with Arabic and Latin texts
Thank you