Introduction

Dr sudhir badlani
General anatomy
Anatomy
Is derived from Greek word known as anatemnien
Ana = separate
temnien= cut up cut open.
Fater of anatomy : HEROPHILUS.
WORD ANATOMY WAS COINED BY
ARISTOTLE
ANATOMY IS BRANCH OF BIOLOGY AND
MEDICINE THAT CONSIDER THE
STRUCTURE OF LIVING THINGS.
anatomy

GROSS ANATOMY
MICROSCOPIC
OR MACROSCOPIC


HISTOLOGY
TISSUE
CYTOLOGY

CELL
ANATOMICAL POSITION OF
HUMAN BODY
BODY IS ERECT,THE EYES ARE DIRECTED
FORWARD AND LOOK STRAIGHT,UPPPER
LIMBS HANG BY SIDE OF THE BODY WITH
PALMS OF HAND TURNED FORWARD AND
FINGERS ARE POINTED STRAIGHT DOWN
LOWER LIMB INCLUDING FEET ARE
PARALLEL TO ONE ANOTHER WITH FEET
FLAT ON THE FLOOR AND TOES POINTING
FORWARD

DIVISONS OF THE BODY
1)BRAIN
2) HEAD &NECK
3)THORAX
4)ABDOMEN
5)UPPER LIMB
6)LOWER LIMB

Terms used in relation
Superior towards head
Inferior feet
Anterior front
Posterior back
Central towards center
peripheral awey from center
Ventral belly
Dorsal back
Cranial head
Caudial tail
External internal
Superficial deep
Medial lateral

Other position of body
Supine position the person lies on back with face
directed upwards
Prone position the person lies on his belly
(abdomen)with his face directed downward
Left lateral person lies on the left side
Right lateral person lies on right side
Anatomical planes
MEDIANOR MIDSAGITTAL PLANE : DIVIDED
THE BODY INTO RIGHT N LEFT HALVES
SAGITTAL PLANE :ANY PLANE PARALLEL TO
MEDIAN PLANE
CORONAL OR FRONTAL PLANE :-VERTICAL
PLANE RIGHT ANGLE TO MEDIAN PLANE
HORIZONTAL PLANE: A PLANE PARALLEL TO
GROUND
OBLIQUE PLANE :-ANY PLANE OTHER THAN
ABOVE
TERMS USED FOR DESCRIBING
MOVEMENTS
FLEXION : approximation of flexor surfaces
whereby the angle of joint is reduced.
EXTENSION : Approximation of extensor
surfaces where by the angle of the joint is
increased its opposite to flexion
ADDUCTION: movement toward central axis.
ABDUCTION : movement awey from central axis
MEDIAN ROTATION: inward rotation
LATERAL ROTATION outward rotation
CIRCUMDUCTION :various combination of
forogoing movements
continue
PRONATION : rotation of the forearms so that
palm turned backwards
SUPINATION: rotation of forearms so that the
palm is turned forwards
PROTRACTION : forwards protrusion
RETRACTION movements reverse of protrusion