A good curriculum must posses

specific characteristics in the

pursuit of the aims of
education the schools are to
pursue . In order to achieve
these aims , a good curriculum
must:
1. Encourage inquiry and creativity
A good curriculum must allow the
learners to use their intellect , talent
and abilities in order for them to exert
full effort that would sharpen their full
potentials as a learners . As a result,
individual development among
learners will be attained.
A good curriculum is develop
through the efforts of the group of
individuals from different sectors of the
society who are acknowledgeable about
the interest ,needs and resources of the
learner and the society as a whole. The
curriculum is a product of many minds
and energies.
It should also upholds the equal
rights of the different learners
towards learning. The democracy
with regards to the procedure goes
with the acceptance of individual
differences of the learners.

The curriculum must take into
consideration that every learner has
his/her own ability ,intellect
,personality ,skill and talent. These
considerations make up the learners
differences resulting to different needs
towards learning.
The curriculum must be open to
different changes brought by new
findings and methods due to our fast
changing world. These must be
accepted in order for the curriculum to
still attain its goals.
A good curriculum minimize
memorization because too much
memorization often lacks
understanding. If the concept was just
memorized without understanding , it
will just stored in your short term
memory and you will probably forget
about it after you have taken exams for
example .
This situation does not show affective
learning. On the contrary ,a good
curriculum must maximize discoveries
because it provides better learning.
According to the ability of the brain to
retain certain concept , it is said that 90%
of what you did and 70% of what you said
are retained in our brain. Therefore ,the
more discoveries done ,the more learning
took place.

This explains that every potential which are
given proper attention and consideration
by the teachers provides a strong
encouragement and motivation in the
learners toward the learning process.
Teachers must be exposed to
different modern teaching
materials such as solving grades by
Microsoft excel and using power
point presentations. They must be
open to these roles in order for
them to be an effective educators.
For the curriculum to be effective ,it
must have continuous evaluation and
monitoring. The curriculum must
adapt its educational activities and
services to meet the needs of a
modern and dynamic community .
Simply ,a good curriculum is a
progressive curriculum .
A good curriculum reflects on
the needs of the individual in the
society as a whole. The curriculum
is in proper shape in order to meet
the challenges in times and make
education more resp0nsive to the
clientele it serves.
It takes a period of time in
planning, management ,
evaluation and development of
a good curriculum .
A good curriculum provides the
proper instructional equipment
and meeting places that are often
most conducive to learning. It
includes the student-teacher
relationship, guidance and
counseling program, health
services and etc.
The classes and the activities should be
planned so as to achieve an orderly
development of the subject matter and step-
by-step progress of the learner. There is a
smooth transition and continuing
achievement of the learners from one
subject matter, classroom, grade or school to
another. A good curriculum provides
continuity of experience.
The curriculum is responsive to the
needs of the community. The school
offers its assistance in the improvement
and realization of ongoing programs of
the community. There is a cooperative
effort between the school and the
community towards greater
productivity.
The curriculum helps the
learner to become the best part
that he can possibly be. The
curriculum support the system
is secured to augment existing
sources for its efficient and
effective implementation.
A good curriculum must be
ready to incorporate changes
whenever necessary. The
curriculum is open to revision
and development to meet the
demands of globalization and
digital age.

1.A good curriculum is systematically
planned and evaluated.
2.A good curriculum reflects adequately
the aims of the school.
3.A good curriculum maintains balance
among all aims of the school.
4.A good curriculum promotes
continuity of experience.



End!
:P

According to Chapman, the work of a
skillful and worthy translator is to observe the
sentences, figures and forms of speech proposed in
his author.


The translator must:

1. Avoid word-for-word renderings
2. Attempt to reach the spirit of the original
3. Avoid over loose translations by basing the
translation on a sound scholarly investigation
of other versions and glosses.

Three Basic Types of Translation
according to John Dyden:


1. Metaphase- turning an author word by word and
line by line, from one language into another.
2. Paraphrase- translation with latitude, the
Ciceronian sense-for-sense view of translation.
3. Imitation- translator can abandon the text of the
original as he sees fit.
The Third
Period


Proponents:
( no proponents stated)
Key Developments
Stars with the publication of the first
papers on machine translation in 1940s

Characterized Introduction of Structural
and Applied Linguistics.
Concept or principles of
translation during this
period
This period is characterized by contrastive studies in
morphology and syntax among others which help the
translator identify similarities and differences between NL
and FL.

Comprises two eras:

First Pioneering era ( 1949-1954)

Second era- the invention of the first generation of machine
translation.
The Fourth
Period


Proponents:
Russian Literary theorists
(Polysytem Theory)
Germans
(Skopos Theory)
Key
Developments
This period has witnessed the
emergence of many new theories:

Polysytem Theory
Skopos Theory
Concepts or principles of
translation during this
period
Polysytem Theory (Russian Literary
Theorists)

Offers general model for understanding
analyzing and describing the functions,
evolution of literary systems, its specific
application to the study of translated
literature.
These systems have several levels:
1. Linguistic
2. Cultural
3. Social
Skopos Theory ( Germans)

Reflects the shift from predominantly
linguistic and rather formal theories to a
more functional and socioculturally
oriented concept of translation.