ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR WALL

BUILDING USING SITE SPECIFIC

RESPONSE SPECTRUM

Department of Civil Engineering,

Institute of Technology, Nirma University,
Ahmedabad – 382481

Jivani Dipak K. Dr. Paresh V. Patel

06MCL005 Professor
Nirma University Department of Civil Engineering
Nirma University
 Flow of Presentation
► Introduction
► Objective of Study
► Scope of Work
► Site Specific Ground Response Analysis
► Comparison of Various Dynamic Parameters
► Analysis Results
► Design Results
► Pushover Analysis
► Conclusion
► Future Scope of Work
► List of Papers Published/Communicated
► References
 Introduction
► Earthquakes cause destruction to life and property
in catastrophic proportions.
► As a result, the main objective of structural
engineering has been to design structures that
would suffer minimum or no damage in the event of
an earthquake.
► In the design process, the most difficult and crucial
problem is to specify the design seismic load.
► The forces on building depend on peak ground
acceleration and time period of building.
 Cont…..
► Past earthquakes have given sufficient evidence
that Subsoil condition is responsible for the
amplification of ground motion
► Amplification may increase or decrease the
value of spectral acceleration coefficient (Sa/g).
► Therefore, analysis using code specified
response spectrum may underestimate or
overestimate seismic forces in building, which
lead to unsafe or uneconomic building.
 Need of
site
specific
response
spectrum
analysis
 Literature Survey
► Kramer, S.L.,1996. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering,
Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Kramer provides information regarding the basic principles, theories

and methods of geotechnical earthquake engineering. It provided basic
concepts of seismology, earthquakes, strong ground motion and
procedure of deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. The
methods for analysis of ground response during earthquakes, beginning
with one dimensional dynamic response analysis and moving through two
and three dimensional dynamic response analysis. Both frequency and
time domain approaches were described. It also provided a detail study
of ground response analysis, liquefaction, seismic slope stability, seismic
design of retaining structures and mitigation of seismic hazards.
► Chopra, Anil K., Dynamics of Structures, Prentice Hall,
Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2001.
Chopra provides information on the earthquake response of
linear Single degree and Multi degree of freedom system to
earthquake motions. It includes the details on the
construction of response and design spectra, effects of
damping and yielding, distinction between response and
design spectra. It introduces the response spectrum concept
which is central to earthquake engineering together with
procedure to determine the peak response of system directly
from response spectrum. A modal analysis procedure for
earthquake analysis of structure is developed. It describes
the both response history analysis and response spectrum
analysis procedures.
 ► Naeim, Farzad, The Seismic Design Handbook, 2nd Edition,
Kluwer Acadamic Publishers, Boston, London, 2001.
The handbook written by Farzad Neim contains information about
performance based seismic engineering. Performance based seismic
engineering is the modern approach to earthquake resistance
design. ATC 40 and FEMA 273 provide a guide to the entire
evaluation and retrofit process using performance based objective.
The overview of ATC 40 and FEMA 273 are discussed in this
handbook. This handbook also includes the nonlinear static analysis
procedure, inelastic component behavior, and geotechnical effects.

► Improvement of Nonlinear Static Seismic Analysis Procedure, FEMA –

273, Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency
Management Agency.
FEMA 273 provides technical guidelines for the seismic rehabitation of
building. This document includes the performance based design for retrofit of
an existing structure. This method can also be applicable for the new design.
 Objective of the Study
► To develop the response spectra and time history at various site
using the available soil data at site and ground motion recorded
during Bhuj earthquake.
► To perform response spectrum analysis of shear wall building
using IS 1893:2002 response spectra and response spectra
obtained at various site.
► To perform Site specific acceleration time history analysis of shear
wall building using time history obtained at various site.
► To study the effect of the IS 1893:2002 and site specific response
spectrum analysis on shear wall building.
► Understand the effect of positioning of shear wall in regular
buildings considering site specific response analysis.
► To study the effect of site specific response spectrum on nonlinear
behavior of shear wall building through Pushover analysis
 Scope of work

► Collection of the soil data and ground motion during Bhuj

earthquake which is useful for development of response
spectra at various sites.
► Develop the response spectra and acceleration time history
at various sites using the one dimensional equivalent linear
analysis based software ProSHAKE.
► To study the behavior of shear wall structure in static and
dynamic condition.
► Response spectrum analysis of shear wall building using
response spectra obtained at various site and IS 1893:2002
spectra.
► Comparative study of results of shear walled buildings obtained by analysis
using site specific response spectra and response spectra given in IS
1893:2002.
► Use of ETABS for site specific acceleration time history analysis of shear
wall building.
► Parametric study of shear wall building considering site specific response
spectrum using parameters as the position of the shear wall and the height
of the building using ETABS.
► Perform Pushover analysis of shear walled building to understand the effect
of site specific response spectrum.
► Cost comparison of shear wall buildings designed using site specific
response spectrum and response spectrum of IS 1893:2002.
 Study
area
► During Bhuj
earthquake 2001,
Ahmedabad
experienced a
heavy damage in Ahmedabad

some parts, which

were situated on
younger alluvial
deposits in spite of
its greater distance
from epicenter.
SITE SPECIFIC GROUND RESPONSE
ANALYSIS

• Steps of site specific ground response

analysis
• Methods used for site specific ground
response analysis
 Site specific ground response analysis
The main aim of site response analysis is to determine the effect of seismic
waves at time of an earthquake for a specified site which is dependent on
seismic source, filter function of transfer media, local geology, type of
structure and soil structure interaction
STEPS OF SITE SPECIFIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS

Characterization of Site

Selection of input bedrock motions

Ground response analysis for

specific soil site

Site specific response spectra

for structural analysis
 METHODS USED FOR SITE SPECIFIC GROUND
RESPONSE ANALYSIS

Site Specific Ground Response Analysis can be carried in

different dimensions as:
 One-dimensional ground response analysis
 Two-dimensional ground response analysis
 Three-dimensional ground response analysis

one dimensional ground response analysis is carried out using

following method,

 Linear analysis.
 Equivalent linear analysis.
 Nonlinear analysis.
 Cont….
► Ground response analysis is carried out using one
dimensional equivalent linear method.

► One dimensional analysis is based on following

assumption:
 Ground surface and all material boundaries below the
ground surface are horizontal and soil and bedrock are
assumed to extend infinitely in all lateral horizontal
directions.
 Cont…
…
 The response of the soil deposit is caused by shear
waves propagating vertically from the underlying
bedrock.
Ground response analysis using
ProSHAKE

• Input soil profile

• Selection of input bedrock motion.
• Ground response analysis for specific soil site
• ProSHAKE result.
 Ground response analysis using
ProSHAKE

► ProSHAKE tool is used for the site specific ground

response analysis.
► Itis based on one dimensional equivalent linear
approach.
► ProSHAKE provides the results of acceleration
time history, ground response spectra and depth
plots of various sites.
ProSHAKE PROGRAMME STRUCTURE FOR SITE
SPECIFIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS

Characterization of Site

Input Manager

Selection of input bedrock motions

Ground response analysis for Solution Manager

specific soil site

Site specific response spectra

Output Manager
for structural analysis
Input soil profile in ProSHAKE
 Selection of input bedrock motions
For the present study the strong motion recorded at Ahmedabad during
26th January 2001 Bhuj earthquake is selected as input bedrock motions.
 Ground response analysis for specific
soil site
 Ground response analysis is used to predict surface ground
motions for
development of design response spectra.
 Ground response analysis are performed for the site specific
soil profiles
using rock motions as input motion to calculate the time
histories at the
ground surface and design response spectra.

Soil Profile of
Maninagar site

Input motion
Output
motion
Output result obtained from ProSHAKE
Output result obtained from ProSHAKE

Response spectrum

Acceleration Time
History

Depth plot
SOIL PROFILE OF DIFFERENT SITES

Bodakdev
Indian Institute of Management (I.I.M)
Kathwada
Maninagar
Motera
Nirma Institute of Technology (N.I.T)
Paldi
Passport Office
Chandkheda
Sola
Thaltej
Soil profile of Bodakdev Site
Soil profile of IIM Site
Soil profile of Kathwada Site
Maninagar Sukhipara Site
Soil profile of Motera Site
Soil profile of NIT Site
Soil profile of Paldi Site
Passport site
Soil profile of Chandkheda Site
Soil profile of Sola Site
Soil profile of Thaltej Site
 Acceleration time histories
Time History of Acceleration Time History of Acceleration
0.20
0.15
Bodakdev Site
0.15 IIM Site
0.10
0.10

Acceleration (g)
Acceleration (g)

0.05
0.05

0.00 0.00
-0.05
-0.05
-0.10
-0.10
-0.15

-0.20 -0.15
0 50 100 150 0 200 50 100 150

Time HistoryTime (sec)

Time (sec)
Time History
Layer: of Acceleration
1 - EQ No: 1 - Outcrop: No
of Acceleration
Layer: 1 - EQ No: 1 - Outcrop: No
0.20 0.10
Kathwada Site
Maninagar Site –
0.15 0.05

Acceleration (g)
Acceleration (g)

0.10
0.00
0.05

0.00 -0.05
-0.05
-0.10
-0.10

-0.15 -0.15
0 50 100 150 0 200 50 100 150
Time (sec) Time (sec)
Layer: 1 - EQ of
Time History No: 1 - Outcrop: No
Acceleration Layer: 1 - EQ No: 1 - Outcrop: No
0.25

0.20
Motera Site
0.15
0.10 Ground motion time history
Acceleration (g)

0.05

0.00

-0.05
obtained by using
-0.10

-0.15
ProSHAKE software.
-0.20

-0.25
0 50 100 150 200
Time (sec)
 Time History of Acceleration Time History of Acceleration
0.20 0.10
NIT Site Paldi Site
0.15
0.05
0.10

Acceleration (g)
Acceleration (g)

0.05 0.00
0.00
-0.05 -0.05

-0.10
-0.10
-0.15
-0.20 -0.15
0 50 100 150 0 200 50 100 150
TimeTime
(sec)History of Acceleration Time (sec)
Time History of Acceleration
0.10 Layer: 1 - EQ No: 1 - Outcrop: No Layer: 1 - EQ No: 1 - Outcrop: No
0.10
Acceleration (g)

Chandkheda Site
0.05 0.05

Acceleration (g)
0.00 0.00

-0.05 -0.05

-0.10 -0.10
Passport Office
-0.15 -0.15
0 50 100 0 150 50 100
200 150
Time (sec)
Time History of Acceleration Time (sec)
Time History of Acceleration
Layer: 1 - EQ No: 1 - Outcrop: No Layer: 1 - EQ No: 1 - Outcrop: No
0.10 0.15
Sola Site Thaltej Site
0.10
0.05
Acceleration (g)
Acceleration (g)

0.05
0.00
0.00
-0.05
-0.05
-0.10 -0.10

-0.15 -0.15
0 50 100 150 0 200 50 100 150
Time (sec) Time (sec)
Layer: 1 - EQ No: 1 - Outcrop: No Layer: 1 - EQ No: 1 - Outcrop: No
 COMPARISON OF SITE SPECIFIC RESPONSE SPECTRA WITH
STANDARD RESPONSE SPECTRA OF IS: 1893 (PART I) 2002

6 .0 0 6.00
IS 18 9 3 IS1893-medium soil
4.81
5 .0 0 5.23 B o d a kd e v 5.00 I.I.M . Site

4 .0 0 4.00

Sa/g
3.00
Sa/g

3 .0 0

2.00
2 .0 0
1.00
1 .0 0
0.00
0 .0 0
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.00
0.0 0 0 0 .5 00 1.0 0 0 1 .5 0 0 2 .0 00 2 .50 0 3 .0 0 0 3.5 0 0 4 .0 0 0
tim e ( se c) time(sec)
4 .5 0
5.0 0
4.6 2 IS 1 8 93 IS1893-me dium soil
4.5 0 4 .0 0 3.86
K a th w a d a
4.0 0 3 .5 0
M a nina ga r Site
3.5 0 3 .0 0
3.0 0
2 .5 0
Sa/g

2.5 0
Sa/g

2 .0 0
2.0 0
1 .5 0
1.5 0
1.0 0 1 .0 0

0.5 0 0 .5 0

0.0 0 0 .0 0
0 .0 0 0 0.50 0 1.00 0 1 .5 00 2 .0 00 2.50 0 3.00 0 3.5 00 4 .000 0 .0 0 0 0 .5 0 0 1 .0 0 0 1 .5 0 0 2 .0 0 0 2 .5 0 0 3 .0 0 0 3 .5 0 0 4 .0 0
tim e (s e c )
tim e ( se c)
 7.00 6 .0 0
6.43 IS1893
6.00 5 .0 6 IS 1 8 9 3 - m e d iu m so i
M o te ra 5 .0 0 N .I.T S ite
5.00
4 .0 0
4.00
Sa/g

Sa/g
3 .0 0
3.00
2 .0 0
2.00

1.00 1 .0 0

0.00 0 .0 0
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 0 .0 0 0 0 .5 0 0 1 .0 0 0 1 .5 0 0 2 .0 0 0 2 .5 0 0 3 .0 0 0 3 .5 0 0 4 .0
tim e ( se c) tim e ( se c)
4.50 4.00
IS1893 3 .7 5
4.00 IS1893- me dium so il
3.89 P a ld i 3.50
3.50 P a sspo rt O ffice Site
3.00
3.00
2.50

Sa/g
2.50
Sa/g

2.00
2.00
1.50
1.50
1.00
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.00 0.00
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.00
tim e ( se c) time (se c)
 4 .5 0 4 .0 0
IS 1 8 9 3 3 .7 9 IS 1 8 9 3
4 .0 0 3 .8 9 3 .5 0
C h a n d kh e d a S o la
3 .5 0 3 .0 0
3 .0 0 2 .5 0
2 .5 0

Sa/g
Sa/g

2 .0 0
2 .0 0
1 .5 0
1 .5 0
1 .0 0
1 .0 0
0 .5 0
0 .5 0
0 .0 0 0 .0 0
0 .0 0 0 0 .5 0 0 1.0 0 0 1 .5 0 0 2 .0 0 0 2 .5 0 0 3 .00 0 3 .5 0 0 4 .0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 .5 0 0 1 .0 0 0 1 .5 0 0 2 .0 0 0 2 .5 0 0 3 .0 0 0 3 .5 0 0 4 .0 0
tim e ( se c) tim e ( se c)
5.00
IS1893
4.50 4.40
Thaltej
4.00
3.50
3.00
Sa/g

2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000
time(sec)
 Comparison of Various Parameters of Sites
Parameters Peak ground Peak Peak Spectral Acceleration Spectral
Acceleration Velocity Displacement (Sa) Acceleration
(g) (m/sec) (m) coefficient
(Sa/g)
Bodakdev 0.174 0.144 0.368 0.91 5.23

I.I.M 0.129 0.107 0.377 0.62 4.81

Kathwada 0.154 0.125 0.368 0.71 4.62

Maninagar 0.112 0.111 0.369 0.43 3.86

Motera 0.220 0.183 0.368 1.41 6.43

N.I.T 0.160 0.136 0.369 0.81 5.06

Paldi 0.116 0.110 0.369 0.45 3.89

Passport Office 0.106 0.113 0.369 0.40 3.75

Chandkheda 0.110 0.113 0.369 0.43 3.89

Sola 0.108 0.112 0.369 0.41 3.79

Thaltej 0.130 0.112 0.368 0.57 4.40

 PROBLEM DEFINITION

► Plan of shear wall frame building

► Multi-Storied Shear wall Frame
Structure Data
Plan of Multi-Storied Frame
Structure

SW Design
 SW Geometry

Multi-Storied Shear wall Frame Structure Data

 Earthquake Zone - III

 Importance factor - 1.5
 Response reduction factor – 5
 L.L. on slab - 4 kN/ m2
 Discritization – 9 elements per single span of slab/wall

Building Bay Storey Beam Column Slab Shear wall

Type Size Height Size Size Thickness Thickness
m×m m m×m m×m m m

10-storey 6×6 4 0.4 × 0.6 0.55 × 0.55 0.15 0.17

15-storey 6×6 4 0.4 × 0.6 0.65 × 0.65 0.15 0.17
20-storey 6×6 4 0.4 × 0.6 0.75 × 0.75 0.15 0.20
25-storey 6×6 4 0.4 × 0.6 0.9 × 0.9 0.15 0.25
30-storey 6×6 4 0.4 × 0.6 1×1 0.15 0.30
3D-VIEW OF
BUILDING
 Time Period comparison

4.0 3.598
3.5
3.0 2.780 IS1893:2002
2.550
Time period (sec)

2.5 2.140 2.120 Dynam ic

2.0 Analys is
1.470 1.690
1.5 1.273
1.0 0.840 0.910

0.5
0.0
10 15 20 25 30
no. of s torey
Spectral Acceleration (Sa/g)
 Site specific Response
spectrum analysis

► The Procedure to compute the peak response of a structure during

an earthquake directly from the earthquake response spectrum
without the need for response history analysis of the structure is
known as response spectrum analysis.
 Response Spectrum Analysis

• Instead of solving the time history problem for each

mode, use a response spectrum to compute the
maximum response in each mode.

• Define the structural properties.

• Determine the mass matrix m and lateral stiffness matrix k.
• Estimate the modal damping ratio ξn
• Determine the natural frequency and natural modes of
vibration.
• From design spectrum or earthquake response spectrum,
the maximum deformation and pseudo accelerations
corresponding to the periods are determined for each
normal mode.
• For each normal mode, the effective modal masses Mn are
determined and from these maximum inertia forces fjn for
each mode.
Lhn=m1Φ1n+ m2Φ2n+ m3Φ3n+………+ mjΦjn
Mn=m1Φ21n + m2Φ22n+ m3Φ23n+………+ mjΦ2jn

Lhn
For nth mode, f1n = m1Φ1n An
Mn
Lh n
f2n = m2 Φ 2n A
Mn n

Lhn
fjn = mjΦ jn An
Mn
• For the maximum inertia forces of every normal mode,
the maximum values of the response parameters
(moment, shear, displacements and so on) are determine
through a static analysis,
• Combine the maximum modal responses using some
statistical technique, such as square root of the sum of
the squares (SRSS) or complete quadratic combination
(CQC).
Response
spectrum
analysis in
ETABS
Base shear comparison
Comparisons of Design Forces in ground floor
shear wall
► Comparison of Shear Force, Bending Moment
and Axial Force of the Multi- Storey shear wall
Frame Structures

Design Axial load = 0.9(DL+LL) +1.2EQ

Design Shear force =1.2(DL+LL) +1.2EQ
Design Bending moment =1.2(DL+LL) +1.2EQ
Axial Force
(kN)
Shear Force (kN)
Bending moment
(kNm)
Site specific Time History
analysis

► To obtain the complete dynamic response of the

structure required for a seismic event, a time
history analysis must be performed.
► In linear time history analysis, the response of
the structure to ground motion is calculated in
the time domain
 Time History analysis
1. Define the ground acceleration u”g(t) numerically at every time
step Δt.
2. Define the structural properties.
a. Determine the mass matrix m and lateral stiffness matrix k.
b. Estimate the modal damping ratio ξn
3. Determine the natural frequency and natural modes of vibration.
4. Determine the modal components Sn of the effective earthquake
distribution by following Equation.
Sn = Γn mj Фjn Lnh =mj Фjn
Mn = mj Ф2jn
Lnθ = hj mj Фjn
Γn = Lnh / Mn
Time History analysis in ETABS
 Deformatio
n
Time History

Response
spectrum 5.00
4.50
4.00
4.40
IS1893
Thaltej

3.50
3.00
Sa/g

2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000
 This window shows the
maximum and minimum value
of Force.

Axial Force Shear Force

(kN) (kN)

Bending
Moment (kN
m)
Base shear comparison (kN)
Axial Force comparison (kN)
Shear Force (kN)
Bending moment (kNm)
 Comparison between
Response spectrum and Time
history analysis Result
 Comparison between base shear (kN)
No of storey Site Specific IS1893:20
02
Bodak I.I.M Kathw Manin Motera N.I.T Paldi Passport Chakhed Sola Thaltej
dev Ada agar a

10 Site specific 840.32 978.15 802.50 730.22 859.21 770.64 751.10 1095.10 745.15 741.29 752.99 762.92
Response
spectrum

Site specific 528.62 558.62 495.69 456.90 512.07 491.38 443.97 482.64 452.59 461.21 527.59
Time history

15 Site specific 607.80 818.98 531.40 426.46 853.21 486.20 487.31 638.78 484.29 482.00 442.39 750.00
Response
spectrum

Site specific 345.52 757.76 334.48 331.03 409.48 295.86 327.59 334.48 331.03 324.14 334.48
Time history

20 Site specific 703.51 802.59 752.11 552.68 797.09 820.76 646.14 612.88 637.00 631.21 592.38 868.33
Response
spectrum

Site specific 835.34 790.09 783.62 699.31 764.22 872.76 688.97 678.52 678.62 673.45 711.21
Time history

25 Site specific 868.13 833.71 725.32 564.08 954.26 643.93 660.17 833.74 653.54 647.61 586.85 908.96
Response
spectrum

Site specific 717.67 620.69 678.88 601.29 844.83 717.79 611.22 584.48 601.29 594.83 614.22
Time
history

30 Site specific 783.15 1010.14 735.24 674.62 932.23 707.07 704.18 1014.31 701.09 699.00 689.75 902.93
Response
spectrum

Site specific 461.21 632.07 483.62 449.14 460.34 456.90 470.69 444.83 457.76 453.45 470.69
Time history
Comparison between Design forces in shear w
Parametric study of shear wall
position

SHEAR WALL POSITIONING IN

REGULAR BUILDING
Shear wall frame geometry Structural Data

Central S.W Middle side S.W

Outer side S.W. Corner S.W

 Time period comparison
6

4
Time period (sec)

0
c entermiddleouter c ornerc entermiddleouter c ornerc entermiddleouter c ornerc enterm iddleouter c ornerc entermiddleouter c orner
10 s torey 15 s torey 20 s torey 25 s torey 30 s torey

IS 1893:2002 0.8400.8400.8400.8401.2731.2731.2731.2731.6901.6901.6901.6902.1202.1202.1202.1202.5502.5502.5502.550
0.9101.0091.8801.1021.4701.5572.4051.6622.1402.1853.1552.2842.7802.8493.9192.9593.5983.6314.7963.759
Dy namic analy s is
 Base shear (kN) - Site specific response spectrum analysis
1400

1200

1000

800
(kN)
shear (kN)
Base shear

600
Base

400

200

0
center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner
10 s torey 15 s torey 20 s torey 25 s torey 30 s torey
IS1893 762.92 679.19 779.71 716.53 750.00 766.76 824.67 789.15 868.34 858.36 921.20 883.14 908.96 907.05 1028.19 981.55 902.93 934.61 1072.86 1001.83
Bodakdev 840.32 743.80 739.37 768.52 607.80 455.31 797.90 580.82 703.51 672.22 501.78 597.74 868.13 650.55 603.27 769.37 783.15 578.80 833.13 769.68
IIM 978.15 751.52 1033.11 905.11 818.98 687.60 1102.13 879.54 802.59 756.73 799.11 768.58 833.71 964.62 874.78 928.54 1010.15 819.76 1274.74 1088.72
Kathwada 802.50 730.67 763.24 745.90 531.40 437.22 719.03 558.52 752.11 632.47 510.00 570.36 725.32 663.01 644.25 727.02 735.24 597.31 835.76 756.67
Maninagar 730.23 603.67 736.88 678.46 426.46 411.00 649.11 503.25 552.68 555.69 486.69 513.19 564.08 627.07 629.09 646.82 674.63 582.25 785.01 703.35
Motera 859.21 799.17 843.88 870.46 853.21 594.06 1167.06 1036.10 797.09 768.37 656.94 773.98 954.26 943.53 685.26 924.88 932.23 683.44 1265.08 1075.83
NIT 770.64 753.83 775.93 782.69 486.20 462.58 768.94 580.10 820.76 678.45 516.35 597.97 643.93 677.95 647.50 772.95 707.08 602.46 860.77 787.91
Paldi 751.10 611.88 738.30 682.46 487.31 411.82 653.99 506.73 646.14 561.12 488.90 518.00 660.17 630.14 630.00 652.41 704.18 583.35 788.97 707.19
Pas s port 1095.11 885.99 1114.51 1018.60 638.78 620.36 961.05 746.35 612.88 822.99 725.01 763.18 833.74 935.41 944.55 960.80 1014.31 873.58 1167.77 1047.42
Chandkheda 745.15 601.73 736.04 677.18 484.29 410.53 647.78 501.97 637.00 554.29 486.23 512.27 653.54 626.23 628.64 645.51 701.09 581.86 784.01 702.40
Sola 741.29 594.26 734.79 673.40 482.00 409.60 641.81 497.83 631.21 548.95 484.28 508.34 647.61 623.36 626.70 640.16 699.00 580.42 779.93 698.66
Thaltej 752.99 667.62 753.22 714.35 442.39 423.26 689.12 531.77 592.39 593.48 498.22 543.94 586.85 647.33 638.06 688.21 689.76 590.48 811.45 730.31
 Design Horizontal seismic coefficient curve
(site specific response spectrum analysis)
Ah= C Xn
Where, Ah = Horizontal seismic coefficient.
C, n=Constant depends on particular site and values are given in Table
X = Number of storey.
Site C n
IS1893 0.146 0.996
Bodakdev 0.212 1.149
IIM 0.282 1.192
Kathwad 0.213 1.175
Maninagar 0.209 1.225
Motera 0.211 1.103
NIT 0.207 1.177
Paldi 0.196 1.172
Passport 0.340 1.265
Chandkheda 0.194 1.172

Sola 0.192 1.700

Thaltej 0.219 1.230
 Base shear (kN) - Site specific time history
1200
analysis
1000

800
Base shear (kN)

600

400

200

0
center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner
10 s torey 15 s torey 20 s torey 25 s torey 30 s torey

Bodakdev 528.62 574.14 461.21 582.79 345.52 448.28 613.79 540.25 835.34 590.66 435.56 606.21 717.67 743.56 365.52 837.93 461.21 422.41 881.03 924.14
IIM 558.62 548.48 495.21 600.00 757.76 626.90 487.07 473.17 790.09 535.34 522.41 611.38 620.69 815.95 421.38 418.10 632.07 509.48 672.41 685.34
Kathwada 495.69 428.28 439.54 505.17 334.48 427.59 518.62 318.14 783.62 469.83 418.10 563.48 678.88 698.24 375.86 486.21 483.62 396.55 757.79 794.85
Maninagar 456.90 452.41 351.72 812.00 331.03 423.28 463.45 319.14 699.31 435.34 422.41 513.79 601.29 665.95 393.10 452.59 449.14 382.76 706.03 718.97
Motera 512.07 482.76 448.28 591.38 409.48 533.79 1079.31 724.14 764.22 522.41 478.45 563.79 844.83 711.21 324.14 559.66 460.34 569.83 924.14 915.52
NIT 491.38 548.24 422.21 975.86 295.86 431.03 549.14 459.31 874.76 461.21 426.72 594.32 717.79 717.69 375.86 751.29 456.90 409.48 822.41 855.17
Paldi 443.97 448.98 345.87 457.78 327.59 423.28 473.21 324.14 688.97 431.09 431.03 526.72 611.22 665.49 379.31 452.59 470.69 393.10 712.50 718.97
Pas s port 482.64 452.41 382.76 977.16 334.48 393.10 453.10 300.00 678.52 440.00 418.21 491.38 584.48 665.95 382.76 439.66 444.83 386.21 706.03 712.50
Chandkheda 452.59 452.41 348.28 449.14 331.03 414.66 463.45 316.55 678.62 439.66 422.41 509.48 601.29 659.48 379.31 452.59 457.76 396.55 699.57 718.97
Sola 461.21 452.41 344.82 449.14 324.14 481.97 463.54 311.79 673.45 443.97 422.41 509.48 594.83 665.41 379.31 452.59 453.45 339.52 699.57 718.97
Thaltej 527.59 435.17 435.34 854.74 334.48 436.21 501.38 355.34 711.21 443.97 422.41 565.52 614.22 678.88 379.31 482.76 470.69 396.55 731.90 750.00
 10 Storey
building
Displacement
(mm)
 15 Storey
building
Displacement
(mm)
 20 Storey
building
Displacement
(mm)
 25 Storey
building
Displacement
(mm)
 30 Storey
building
Displacement
(mm)
 10 Storey
building Drift
(%)
 15 Storey
building Drift
(%)
 20 Storey
building Drift
(%)
 25 Storey
building Drift
(%)
 30 Storey
building Drift
(%)
 Axial Force (kN) - Site specific response spectrum
analysis
8000

7000

6000

5000
(kN)
force (kN)

4000
Axial force

3000
Axial

2000

1000

0
ce nter m idd le outer corner cente r m iddle outer corne r center m id dle outer corn er cen ter m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner
10 s torey 15 s torey 20 s torey 25 s torey 30 s to rey
IS1893 3665.66 2487 .60 206 4.87 2404.06 3955 .07 286 8.37 24 85.64 2810.47 5065 .22 3799.86 3514.41 4287.49 6127.21 4725.77 4392 .66 5165.78 7238.71 5975.79 5559.66 6075.95
Bodakdev 3687.56 2470 .58 202 3.24 2384.54 3726 .63 279 5.09 24 18.77 2648.35 4770 .59 3605.66 3369.79 3818.22 5853.15 4465.31 4233 .86 4621.35 6877.63 5778.57 5262.07 5735.45
IIM 3901.20 2506 .20 207 7.00 2578.00 3856 .10 282 9.20 24 70.10 2761.60 4945 .03 3705.30 3415.70 4073.60 5978.19 4575.74 4292 .40 4873.60 7050.21 5822.50 5312.60 5873.60
Kathw ada 3672.12 2475 .85 203 0.77 2411.37 3711 .75 280 1.15 24 29.07 2662.68 4797 .92 3622.63 3379.75 3852.40 5827.02 4489.08 4247 .06 4659.61 6861.33 5788.24 5274.47 5753.26
Ma ninagar 3654.95 2473 .15 202 8.56 2402.31 3712 .62 279 9.92 24 28.02 2654.58 4795 .33 3622.70 3378.59 3842.13 5825.60 4487.68 4246 .05 4640.18 6854.61 5786.52 5273.66 5744.84
Mo tera 3722.30 2482 .88 203 9.71 2448.56 3819 .35 280 6.23 24 35.83 2733.45 4836 .15 3642.42 3382.11 3915.76 5936.12 4496.67 4250 .21 4711.97 6926.66 5790.01 5275.50 5800.73
NIT 3674.52 2476 .77 203 1.54 2413.77 3725 .40 280 1.43 24 29.56 2664.89 4806 .42 3622.96 3379.66 3857.06 5838.11 4489.79 4247 .33 4670.28 6868.10 5789.35 5274.34 5757.89
Paldi 3655.50 2473 .39 202 8.71 2402.83 3700 .99 280 0.03 24 28.08 2654.98 4781 .97 3622.77 3378.68 3843.31 5816.75 4487.73 4246 .06 4641.23 6850.00 5786.54 5273.67 5745.33
Pas s po rt 4004.61 2520 .79 209 2.47 2634.39 3871 .04 284 4.50 25 00.72 2790.73 5000 .61 3758.52 3444.66 4161.07 6060.14 4652.41 4335 .05 5027.07 7119.56 5857.84 5353.00 5921.90
Ch andkheda 3653.91 2473 .05 202 8.47 2402.00 3700 .30 279 9.90 24 28.01 2654.35 4780 .41 3622.68 3378.57 3842.01 5815.70 4487.66 4246 .05 4639.87 6849.15 5786.52 5273.66 5744.70
Sola 3652.25 2472 .81 202 8.27 2401.31 3699 .82 279 9.78 24 27.90 2653.67 4779 .39 3622.64 3378.38 3841.40 5814.73 4487.61 4245 .89 4638.18 6848.49 5786.49 5273.58 5744.20
Th altej 3664.83 2474 .60 202 9.89 2407.98 3716 .78 280 0.74 24 28.77 2658.89 4800 .53 3623.09 3379.17 3847.75 5829.43 4488.73 4246 .60 4650.44 6860.90 5787.53 5274.08 5749.10
 Shear Force (kN) - Site specific response spectrum
analysis
600

500

400
shear force (kN)

300

200

100

0
cente r m id dle ou ter corner cen te r m idd le ou ter corne r cente r m iddle ou ter co rner cen ter m id dle ou ter corn er center m iddle ou ter co rne r
1 0 s to re y 15 s to rey 2 0 s to re y 25 s to rey 30 s to re y
IS18 93 36 6.29 32 7.24 2 00 .14 34 4.93 30 0.32 30 9.27 183 .66 31 5.72 32 1.7 7 36 3.72 1 93 .45 3 8 3.95 30 4.42 357 .94 200 .29 39 0.9 5 31 3.2 1 31 2.09 20 3.41 3 2 0.87
Bo d akdev 39 1.40 35 8.09 1 89 .94 36 9.55 20 7.35 18 3.40 175 .58 23 1.41 21 4.9 3 29 1.55 1 05 .34 2 6 1.16 24 4.01 263 .58 117 .91 31 4.3 0 25 4.5 8 22 8.62 15 3.14 2 4 0.29
IIM 46 9.80 36 2.18 2 65 .91 43 6.20 32 6.88 27 6.00 242 .64 35 0.12 29 5.9 7 32 4.78 1 66 .73 3 3 5.53 27 6.57 384 .83 170 .30 37 1.4 7 35 2.9 0 26 9.70 23 3.26 3 3 9.34
Ka th w ad a 37 3.22 35 1.83 1 96 .24 35 8.99 17 7.35 17 6.37 159 .19 22 2.96 23 5.6 4 27 2.83 1 07 .38 2 4 7.90 19 8.70 265 .72 126 .02 29 4.0 6 23 8.6 9 22 0.58 15 4.16 2 3 7.11
Man ina gar 35 0.68 29 0.83 1 89 .58 32 6.81 17 0.80 16 5.87 144 .28 20 1.29 20 4.2 7 23 7.72 1 02 .70 2 2 1.50 18 8.50 248 .32 123 .22 25 8.8 5 23 5.2 0 20 0.00 14 5.22 2 2 1.06
Mote ra 40 0.73 38 4.80 2 16 .88 41 8.62 34 7.07 23 8.65 319 .90 41 1.00 25 3.6 6 33 3.24 1 36 .83 3 3 9.78 36 9.38 383 .86 133 .55 37 8.3 6 30 8.4 1 25 8.03 22 9.24 3 3 2.79
N IT 37 0.00 36 2.97 1 99 .43 37 6.52 19 4.14 18 6.26 169 .82 23 1.42 22 5.7 7 29 3.87 1 08 .68 2 6 0.31 21 3.51 272 .83 126 .63 31 4.2 7 24 6.6 8 23 2.65 15 8.55 2 4 6.50
Pa ld i 34 9.05 29 4.78 1 89 .94 32 8.72 16 0.32 16 6.17 145 .32 20 2.65 19 0.4 5 24 0.24 1 03 .15 2 2 3.74 17 8.31 249 .74 123 .39 26 1.3 0 22 9.4 4 20 1.40 14 5.91 2 2 2.21
Pa s s p ort 52 5.90 42 6.88 2 86 .67 49 0.69 25 5.58 25 0.34 213 .79 29 8.61 30 3.5 2 35 1.42 1 53 .10 3 2 9.10 28 1.15 371 .08 185 .06 38 3.9 4 35 3.6 1 29 7.54 21 6.16 3 2 9.38
C ha ndkhe d a 34 5.90 28 9.90 1 89 .37 32 6.20 15 8.92 16 5.67 144 .00 20 0.78 18 6.7 9 23 7.11 1 02 .61 2 2 1.07 17 6.15 247 .93 123 .14 25 8.2 7 22 8.5 6 19 9.65 14 5.04 2 2 0.77
So la 34 3.97 28 6.31 1 89 .05 32 4.40 15 8.10 16 5.30 142 .73 19 9.16 18 4.2 5 23 4.64 1 02 .22 2 1 9.25 17 4.35 246 .67 122 .77 25 5.9 3 22 7.9 5 19 8.22 14 4.32 2 1 9.65
Thaltej 36 1.56 32 1.55 1 93 .71 34 3.94 17 7.57 17 0.80 152 .82 21 2.47 21 8.3 8 25 5.01 1 05 .01 2 3 5.75 19 5.63 258 .31 124 .88 27 6.9 7 24 0.5 5 20 9.72 14 9.89 2 2 9.18
 Bending moment (kNm) - Site specific response spectrum
analysis
35 00

30 00

25 00

20 00
Bending moment (kN m)

15 00

10 00

5 00

0
center m iddle ou ter corner cen ter m idd le outer corne r center m iddle ou ter co rner cen ter m id dle outer corn er center m iddle ou ter co rner
1 0 s tore y 15 s to rey 2 0 s tore y 25 s to rey 30 s tore y
IS18 93 1985.0 6 1 915.1 9 1 392.19 1 9 39.45 15 4 2.89 165 9.40 1 186 .46 1 677.96 18 21.7 5 2247.6 8 1 313.55 2 101 .03 19 81.83 248 2.81 1483 .35 2341 .20 2207.1 9 2 204.75 1 636.7 9 22 55.25
Bod akdev 2057.1 1 1 777.4 5 1 343.89 1 9 36.93 93 9.02 92 4.97 960 .51 1 039.44 10 76.7 4 1437.8 1 7 13.32 1 313 .91 13 17.46 156 4.73 893 .10 1452 .97 1390.6 5 1 280.52 980.27 12 95.64
IIM 2633.6 4 2 206.7 6 1 953.07 2 5 37.49 13 5 2.83 136 2.53 1 337 .39 1 506.57 15 32.6 1 1885.2 2 1 060.95 1 749 .17 16 25.47 221 7.83 1255 .96 2029 .00 1849.3 6 1 658.25 1 436.6 9 17 65.76
Kath w ada 2006.2 0 1 824.9 3 1 412.80 1 9 69.70 87 5.58 94 5.47 954 .58 1 078.85 11 50.2 6 1458.4 7 7 46.99 1 337 .61 12 14.64 164 0.29 959 .79 1503 .79 1343.1 3 1 303.52 1 014.6 8 13 29.94
Man inagar 1948.0 7 1 678.5 5 1 381.49 1 8 73.92 87 2.01 91 5.74 910 .75 1 039.88 11 06.3 7 1388.0 4 7 28.50 1 285 .87 12 03.43 159 0.84 946 .70 1452 .32 1326.7 8 1 244.84 976.24 12 77.50
Mote ra 2148.1 7 1 969.3 2 1 548.64 2 1 82.96 13 0 0.27 113 3.16 1 456 .95 1 421.25 12 50.5 0 1656.9 9 8 53.59 1 591 .70 16 36.94 196 5.34 992 .32 1693 .72 1543.5 8 1 439.11 1 293.7 9 15 79.66
N IT 2009.6 2 1 857.9 4 1 424.72 2 0 25.91 92 3.07 97 0.33 982 .57 1 090.65 11 51.0 5 1500.2 5 7 53.63 1 370 .48 12 53.29 165 9.99 962 .96 1530 .57 1364.7 4 1 335.69 1 032.1 7 13 60.36
Pald i 1948.1 6 1 688.6 0 1 383.49 1 8 79.91 83 4.98 91 7.10 913 .71 1 041.79 10 83.9 1 1393.4 0 7 30.41 1 289 .87 11 72.94 159 5.05 947 .32 1455 .97 1312.3 9 1 248.69 979.08 12 81.05
Pas s port 2925.7 8 2 496.9 1 2 079.88 2 8 12.17 13 1 0.66 137 9.06 1 362 .29 1 560.26 16 60.1 3 2077.8 8 1 092.18 1 928 .40 18 09.80 238 7.31 1424 .42 2179 .60 1998.4 5 1 865.67 1 459.6 7 19 14.63
C ha ndkhe da1941.9 8 1 675.7 4 1 380.33 1 8 72.00 83 2.09 91 5.27 910 .08 1 038.63 10 78.0 2 1386.7 0 7 28.10 1 285 .02 11 68.60 158 9.63 946 .39 1451 .39 1310.0 0 1 243.79 975.50 12 76.58
Sola 1936.5 5 1 666.3 9 1 378.09 1 8 65.93 83 0.25 91 3.72 906 .11 1 035.65 10 74.0 2 1381.4 7 7 26.92 1 281 .49 11 64.79 158 5.78 944 .18 1447 .65 1308.1 6 1 239.62 972.24 12 72.97
Thaltej 1979.8 8 1 752.0 7 1 401.19 1 9 24.61 88 7.73 93 0.75 936 .57 1 060.88 11 30.2 2 1424.4 6 7 37.58 1 313 .32 12 18.06 162 0.75 954 .65 1480 .95 1344.4 8 1 273.57 996.92 13 03.63
 Axial Force (kN) - Site specific time history analysis
10000

9000

8000

7000

6000
Axial force (kN)

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner
10 s torey 15 s torey 20 s torey 25 storey 30 s torey
Bodakdev 3475.93 3275.84 2630.58 2154.28 3622.53 4080.48 3518.96 2323.07 4838.47 6771.09 5008.76 6153.51 5817.10 8568.85 6442.46 8002.80 6716.58 8920.73 8136.17 8283.87
IIM 3532.84 3278.17 2640.06 1831.70 3657.34 4075.39 3514.10 2262.19 4863.30 6781.43 5004.00 6178.34 5751.72 8568.85 6441.14 7876.80 6742.03 8921.76 8139.26 8268.87
Kathwada 3465.59 3274.30 2624.85 2146.01 3638.67 4081.10 3521.55 2314.80 4836.85 6771.09 5008.76 6147.72 5800.55 8566.33 6441.14 7919.00 6707.47 8920.73 8131.51 8245.07
Maninagar 3434.56 3271.61 2624.84 1816.47 3620.46 4081.10 3519.86 2267.95 4797.10 6773.67 5006.07 6141.10 5788.96 8563.68 6439.84 7914.03 6688.64 8920.73 8134.61 8259.04
Motera 3501.80 3279.73 2639.07 2170.84 3657.29 4079.24 3507.06 2368.69 4876.55 6784.01 5011.03 6172.14 5755.03 8581.78 6442.42 7926.45 6778.64 8921.77 8139.47 8277.68
NIT 3465.59 3271.61 2624.84 1816.47 3634.95 4081.10 3519.86 2267.95 4788.82 6773.67 5006.07 6141.10 5817.10 8563.68 6439.84 7914.03 6707.47 8920.73 8134.61 8259.04
Paldi 3434.56 3270.46 2623.71 2129.45 3636.60 4081.73 3521.55 2304.35 4834.33 6773.67 5007.73 6128.59 5783.99 8563.62 6441.14 7914.03 6685.16 8922.80 8131.51 8231.12
Pas s port 3444.90 3271.61 2624.84 1816.47 3618.39 4081.10 3519.86 2267.95 4797.10 6773.67 5006.07 6141.10 5780.68 8563.68 6439.84 7914.03 6679.34 8920.73 8134.61 8259.04
Chandkheda 3430.42 3271.20 2624.84 2125.31 3638.67 4081.14 3521.55 2298.14 4830.20 6768.50 5006.68 6122.48 5775.72 8561.57 6441.14 7914.03 6682.44 8921.77 8134.61 8256.31
Sola 3434.56 3269.64 2624.28 2129.45 3638.67 4081.10 3521.55 2301.24 4838.41 6771.05 5009.08 6141.04 5779.86 8563.68 6439.84 7914.03 6685.55 8920.73 8133.06 8259.04
Thaltej 3465.59 3271.61 2624.84 1816.47 3630.81 4081.10 3519.86 2267.95 4792.99 6773.67 5006.07 6141.10 5800.55 8563.68 6439.84 7914.03 6699.20 8920.73 8134.61 8259.04
 Shear Force (kN) - Site specific time history analysis
500

450

400

350

300
shear force (kN)

250

200

150

100

50

0
center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner center m iddle outer corner
10 s torey 15 s torey 20 s torey 25 s torey 30 s torey

Bodakdev 250.86 316.54 120.00 275.59 133.19 176.89 137.80 265.94 342.41 263.17 94.38 267.31 240.00 270.43 75.34 347.59 159.83 174.82 161.89 276.72
IIM 274.66 266.89 134.74 284.48 163.86 246.62 111.11 191.89 286.34 232.55 112.92 279.83 170.69 331.55 87.80 173.80 236.69 148.97 120.00 215.59
Kathwada 246.20 211.66 116.06 237.94 133.45 167.59 115.91 261.90 321.72 194.28 86.89 248.69 225.52 266.89 73.70 215.05 166.54 159.72 134.48 233.80
Maninagar 221.80 224.60 101.59 379.87 105.67 164.48 101.03 125.38 257.38 190.76 88.45 234.20 172.24 261.72 73.70 192.83 162.94 126.41 125.44 217.24
Motera 245.69 240.00 120.00 284.26 171.00 213.11 231.72 284.98 313.97 236.69 100.55 248.80 268.97 300.00 74.60 223.45 211.45 135.78 162.94 276.72
NIT 233.80 266.89 118.97 455.76 147.32 167.59 119.17 178.70 308.80 215.17 89.22 267.35 223.45 279.31 72.00 254.48 156.72 188.06 144.83 253.45
Paldi 215.59 222.02 101.09 221.38 132.16 166.03 104.89 127.45 283.86 188.69 87.67 234.20 207.31 261.70 73.70 192.83 161.38 123.34 126.72 219.35
Pas s port 234.20 222.20 99.52 363.72 101.02 153.62 100.24 118.97 249.11 194.89 88.45 223.86 170.69 277.24 72.94 188.69 161.38 125.38 125.44 217.24
Chandkheda 221.80 218.06 102.56 217.26 133.45 164.48 103.34 123.35 279.72 192.83 87.67 228.00 205.24 257.42 74.48 188.69 162.94 125.76 126.72 215.58
Sola 223.86 216.00 100.19 219.31 132.16 162.94 102.56 121.24 277.66 194.89 87.80 225.94 203.17 261.72 73.70 188.69 161.38 126.41 124.14 217.24
Thaltej 253.97 214.76 117.08 413.38 117.94 173.80 110.48 138.83 265.66 184.55 90.00 252.83 190.76 264.31 74.48 205.24 166.03 131.59 129.31 225.52
 Bending moment (kNm)-Site specific time history analysis
30 00

25 00

20 00
Bending moment (kN m)

15 00

10 00

5 00

0
center m iddle ou ter corner cen ter m idd le outer corne r center m iddle ou ter co rner cen ter m id dle outer corn er center m iddle ou ter co rner
10 s tore y 15 s to rey 2 0 s tore y 25 s torey 30 s tore y

Bod akdev 1396.5 5 1 520.6 9 9 49.66 12 43.97 57 9.31 98 4.83 772 .76 606.20 1148.2 8 1264.1 4 657.94 8 30.17 12 41.38 167 5.86 646 .76 984.8 3 1003.4 5 950.22 884.48 10 15.86
IIM 1551.7 0 1 709.4 8 1044.83 13 21.55 74 6.10 126 4.14 639 .31 663.11 1326.2 0 1436.6 5 695.23 8 84.48 10 24.10 181 8.62 583 .45 785.1 7 1106.9 0 928.97 806.89 8 76.74
Kath w ada 1383.6 6 1 473.1 1 8 97.94 11 60.90 62 0.69 95 3.78 695 .17 570.00 1168.9 7 1189.6 6 646.14 8 06.89 12 02.59 164 4.71 645 .52 853.4 5 1003.4 5 924.84 760.34 8 68.97
Man inagar 1306.0 0 1 487.0 6 8 53.45 24 24.83 61 1.40 93 3.10 653 .80 534.62 1117.2 0 1241.3 8 633.91 7 99.15 11 17.20 159 3.11 665 .38 823.9 7 892.2 0 752.60 728.90 8 45.69
Mote ra 1461.2 0 1 631.8 9 1003.45 12 82.30 76 0.34 115 0.34 1150 .34 829.50 1295.1 7 1422.4 1 657.94 8 07.90 11 17.24 172 4.01 646 .08 870.4 9 1148.2 8 845.69 881.38 9 72.41
N IT 1383.6 0 1 644.8 3 9 28.97 25 48.97 64 6.80 97 4.48 727 .08 590.69 1222.8 0 1243.4 5 657.96 8 30.17 12 00.00 165 7.78 659 .78 861.2 3 982.8 0 962.06 830.17 9 43.45
Pald i 1306.4 0 1 487.0 6 8 60.83 11 08.97 62 0.69 95 3.80 65 .42 530.87 1158.6 2 1241.2 9 646.36 7 80.25 11 27.59 155 4.43 645 .52 823.9 7 897.9 4 752.75 721.55 8 30.17
Pas s port 1344.8 0 1 487.0 6 8 14.66 24 24.83 59 5.90 90 0.00 638 .28 526.34 1137.9 0 1241.3 8 646.09 8 14.66 11 06.90 159 3.11 665 .38 816.2 0 884.5 0 775.85 737.06 9 42.43
C ha ndkheda 1318.9 7 1 487.0 6 8 45.75 11 08.97 60 8.28 93 3.11 643 .45 526.34 1155.3 1 1228.4 5 646.14 7 76.69 11 37.94 148 1.10 645 .71 823.9 7 884.4 8 775.27 713.80 8 30.17
Sola 1306.0 3 1 474.6 7 8 58.25 11 08.97 62 6.89 94 3.45 643 .45 525.07 1189.6 6 1241.3 8 645.92 7 75.08 11 17.24 155 5.38 645 .52 823.9 7 892.2 4 768.11 713.80 8 30.17
Thaltej 1409.5 0 1 462.7 6 8 76.72 25 48.97 62 6.90 99 5.17 672 .00 559.45 1127.6 0 1202.5 9 652.97 7 99.14 11 48.30 158 0.17 664 .14 847.2 4 939.3 0 798.78 744.94 8 53.45
Shear wall and Shear wall
Foundation Design
 SW Geometry
Shear wall Reinforcement
Storey Shear Wall MAIN REINFORCEMENT
No. No.
Horizontal reinforcement Vertical reinforcement (both side) Boundary element (500 mm)
(both side)
Diamete 8 mm # 2 legged, Diameter Spacing B (mm) Diameter No. of 8 mm # 2 legged,
r Spacing A (mm) c/c of Bar c/c Of Bar Bars Spacing (mm) c/c
of Bar
10 SW1 12 450 mm 12 450 mm 12 8 100 mm
15 SW1 12 450 mm 12 450 mm 12 8 100 mm
20 SW1 12 450 mm 12 450 mm 12 8 100 mm
25 SW1 12 350 mm 12 350 mm 12 10 100 mm
30 SW1 12 250 mm 12 250 mm 12 12 100 mm
10 SW2 12 450 mm 12 450 mm 12 8 100 mm
15 SW2 12 450 mm 12 450 mm 12 8 100 mm
20 SW2 12 450 mm 12 450 mm 12 8 100 mm
25 SW2 12 350 mm 12 350 mm 12 10 100 mm
30 SW2 12 250 mm 12 250 mm 12 12 100 mm
10 SW3 12 450 mm 12 450 mm 12 8 100 mm
15 SW3 12 450 mm 12 450 mm 12 8 100 mm
20 SW3 12 450 mm 12 450 mm 12 8 100 mm
25 SW3 12 350 mm 12 350 mm 12 10 100 mm
30 SW3 12 250 mm 12 250 mm 12 12 100 mm
10 SW4 12 450 mm 12 450 mm 12 8 100 mm
15 SW4 12 450 mm 12 450 mm 12 8 100 mm
20 SW4 12 450 mm 12 450 mm 12 8 100 mm
25 SW4 12 350 mm 12 350 mm 12 10 100 mm
30 SW4 12 250 mm 12 250 mm 12 12 100 mm
 (a) Elevation

(b) Section D-D

Typical reinforcement detail of shear wall

 PM curve IS1 893
Bodakd ev IIM
120 00 Kathw ad a Maninag ar PM curve IS1893
Motera N IT Bodakdev IIM
Paldi Pas s po rt Kathwada Maninagar
C han dkh eda Sola 12000 Motera NIT
100 00 Thalte j Paldi Pas s port
Chandkheda Sola
10000

Axial load
Thaltej
8000
8000

Axial Load (kN)

6000

Axial Load (kN)

moment
6000
4000
4000

Interaction
2000
2000

0
0
0 200 0 400 0 6 000 8 000 100 00 120 00
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
-2000

diagram
-2000
Mom ent (kN m ) Mom ent (kN m )
15 storey shear w all
-4000 10 storey shear w a ll -4000

PM curve IS1893
PM curve IS1893 Bodakdev IIM
PM curve IS1893 Bodakdev IIM
Bodakdev IIM Kathwada Maninagar
Kathwada Maninagar Kathwada Maninagar 20000 Motera NIT
Motera NIT Motera NIT Paldi Passport
Paldi Pas s port 16000 Paldi Pas s port Chandkheda Sola
12000 Chandkheda Sola Chandkheda Sola Thaltej
Thaltej Thaltej
14000
15000
10000
12000

Axial Load (kN)

8000 10000
Axial Load (kN)

10000
Axial Load (kN)

6000 8000

6000
4000
5000
4000
2000
2000
0
0 0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 0 5000 10000 15000 20000
-2000 0 5000 10000 15000
-2000 Moment (kN m)
Mom ent (kN m ) Mom ent (kN m )
25 storey shear w all 30 storey shear wall
20 storey shear w all
-4000 -4000 -5000
 Core shear wall Foundation

Core Shear wall

Core Shear wall

Footing beam

Footing slab

Footing slab of
uniform thickness

Uniform slab type footing for core shear wall

Beam slab type footing for core shear wall
EQ direction

Forces acting on core shear wall foundation

► Safe bearing capacity of soil = 250 kN/m2
 Design forces and design of 10 storey shear
wall foundation for different load combination
LOAD IS 1893:2002 PASSPORT SITE
COMBINATION
Axial Shear Bending Axial Shear Force Bending
Force Force Moment Force (kN) (kN) Moment
(kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
1.5(DL+LL) 5547.55 0 0 5547.55 0 0
1.2(DL+LL+EQ) 5147.79 366.29 1985.06 5485.63 525.90 2925.78
1.5(DL+EQ) 4327.35 479.71 2505.74 4749.65 669.95 3671.36
0.9 DL+1.5 EQ 3665.66 479.71 2505.74 4004.61 669.95 3671.36
10 storey shear wall foundation
design
20 storey shear wall foundation
design
TYPICAL FOUNDATION REINFORCEMEN
 Design Results
SITE 10 STOREY 20 STOREY
CONCRETE STEEL CONCRETE STEEL
QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY (m3) QUANTITY (kg)
(m3 ) (kg)

IS 1893:2002 73.44 4055.99 129.21 7673.21

Bodakdev 77.80 3874.49 123.06 6990.14
IIM 82.27 4128.32 128.27 7559.25
Kathwada 75.88 4136.92 123.06 7282.93
Maninagar 75.88 4136.92 123.06 6990.14
Motera 81.19 3995.51 125.19 7030.59
NIT 77.80 3879.49 123.06 7282.93
Paldi 75.88 3876.95 123.06 6990.14
Passport 83.76 5515.49 127.85 7450.56
Chandkheda 75.88 3876.95 123.06 6990.14
Sola 75.88 3876.95 123.06 6990.14
Thaltej 75.88 3876.95 123.06 7282.93
Non-linear Static Push-over
Analysis
 Performance Objectives

► Seismic performance is measured by the state of

damage

► Constitutes the target building performance level

under the selected level of seismic hazard

► Building performance level is the combination of

structural and non structural components

 Building Performance levels
Building Performance Levels
Non-Structural Structural Performance levels
Performance
levels SP-1 SP-2 SP-3 SP-4 SP-5 SP-6
Immediate Damage Life Safety Limited Structural Not
occupancy Control safety stability considered

NP–A 1-A 2-A NR NR NR NR

Operational Operational

NP–B 1-B 2-B 3-B NR NR NR

Immediate Immediate
Occupancy Occupancy
NP–C Life 1-C 2-C 3-C 4-C 5-C 6-C
Safety Life Safety

NP-D Hazards NR 2-D 3-D 4-D 5-D 6-D

Reduced

NP–E: Not NR NR 3-E 4-E 5-E Not applicable

Considered Collapse
prevention
► Operational – negligible impact on building

► Immediate Occupancy – building is safe to occupy but possibly

not useful until repaired

► Life Safety – building is safe during event but possibly not

afterward

► Collapse Prevention – building is on verge of collapse,

probable total loss
 Capacity Spectrum
Base shear Vs Lateral roof displacement curve is the
Capacity curve.
Capacity Spectrum (Conti…)
► Generated Capacity curve is transferred in Capacity
spectrum.
► Any point Vi and δ roof on the capacity curve is
converted to the corresponding point Sa and Sd on the
capacity spectrum using the equation,
Sa = V / W Sd = δ roof
α1 PF1 * φ roofi

α 1 = Modal mass coefficient for the first natural mode.

PF1 =Modal participation factor for the first natural
mode.
φ roofi = the roof level amplitude of the mode under
consideration.
 Demand Spectrum generation

Develop the 2 % or 5% percent damped elastic response

spectrum appropriate for the specific site or as required by the
IS 1893 2002.

Convert the given design spectrum (Sa Vs T) of the code to the ADRS form (Sa Vs Sd).
2
Sdi = ( Ti ) * Sai * g
4* pi
Design Response spectra based on ATC
40

Ca Value Cv Value
 Ca and Cv value at different site
Site Peak ground Acceleration (g) Ca Cv
IS 1893 0.160 0.232 0.336
Bodakdev 0.174 0.249 0.358
I.I.M 0.129 0.192 0.281
Kathwada 0.154 0.225 0.326
Maninagar 0.112 0.169 0.249
Motera 0.220 0.296 0.428
N.I.T 0.160 0.232 0.336
Paldi 0.116 0.175 0.257
Passport Office 0.106 0.161 0.238

Chandkheda 0.110 0.167 0.245

Sola 0.108 0.164 0.242
Thaltej 0.130 0.193 0.283
 Pushover analysis steps
Step 1. Modeling
The shear wall is modeled as an equivalent column element.

Step 2. Lateral Force Patterns

Step 3. Define Hinge property
► Hinge properties are assign to each frame element.
► For Beam elements, Moment (M3) and shear (V2) hinges are
assigned
► For Column elements, shear (V2) and Axial – bi-axial Moment
(P-M2-M3) hinges are assigned
Step 4. Define Pushover load case

The Gravity loads are applied first . ( Dead Load + 50 % Live Load )
Force control Pushover analysis

Other load cases are start from the final conditions of the
gravity pushover

Step 5. Run Analysis

 Pushover curve

Variation in Pushover curve is observed because of Loading condition

 Hinge formation pattern

Center shear wall position Middle shear wall position

Corner shear wall Outer shear wall
position Position in X-dir

Outer shear wall

Position in Y-dir
 Performance point

► This Performance point represents the condition for which

the seismic capacity of the structure is equal to the seismic
demand imposed on the structure by the specified ground
motion. ATC-40, 1996
 Center shear wall
position

Corner shear wall

position
 Outer shear wall
position in X-dir

Outer shear wall

position in Y-dir
Middle shear wall position
 CONCLUSIONS

► Time Period
 Dynamic analysis gives higher time period
 No effect of shear wall positioning on time period
obtained by IS 1893:2002
 In dynamic analysis outer SW position gives higher time
period

► Sa/g coefficient
 IS 1893:2002 gives lower value of Sa/g for 10,15 and 20
storey building
 Cont….
► Base shear
 Site specific response spectrum is governing for 10, 15
and 30 storey building.
 Site specific time history for 20 storey building gives
more base shear compared to response spectrum
analysis.
 Outer SW position gives higher base shear value.
 Middle SW position gives lower base shear value.

► Top storey displacement

 Minimum in outer SW position.
 Maximum in middle SW position.
 Center SW position controls the displacement in both
direction.
 Site specific response spectrum analysis gives higher
storey drift and displacement for 10 storey building.
 Cont….
► Design forces in shear wall
 Site specific response spectra gives higher force in
10 storey building.
 Site specific response spectrum gives higher forces
than site specific time history analysis.

► Shear wall and its foundation Design

 Site specific response spectrum has no effect on
shear wall design because of its larger dimension.
 Foundation of 10 storey building is influenced by
site specific response spectrum.
 FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK
► Site specific response analysis can be carried out for more
number of sites at different locations of Ahmedabad city.
Similarly study can be undertaken for other city.
► Using design response spectra evaluated for different sites,
response spectrum analysis can be done for multi storied
coupled shear walled buildings.
► Site specific response spectrum and time history analysis can
be carried out for other important structures such as bridges,
dams and industrial structures.
► Seismic Capacity Evaluation of R.C Framed buildings can be
carried out using Site Specific Response Spectra of different
sites.
► Non linear Time history analysis can be carried out considering
site specific acceleration history.
► Program for site specific response spectrum analysis can be
developed in C, C++ or in Visual Basic.
► Case study of real life problems can be studied in nonlinear
domain considering site specific response spectrum.
► Parametric study of shear wall in unsymmetrical building can be
carried out considering site specific response spectrum
► Further the work can be extended to study the effect of site
specific response spectrum and acceleration time history on tall
tubular structures.

► In place of concrete structure, steel and composite structural

system can be studied.
 REFERENCES

 Praveen K.Malhotra,“Strong motion Records for site specific

Analysis,” Current Earthquake Spectra, Volume.19, No.3, August
(2003), pp.557-578.
 Kramer, Steven L., Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Prentice
Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996.
 A. Ansal, J. Laue, J. Buchheister,M. Erdik, S.M. Springman,J. Studer
and D. Koksal, “Site Characterization and site Amplification for a
seismic microzonation study in Turky”, pp.1-8.
 EduPro Civil Systems, Inc., “ProSHAKE Ground Response Analysis
Program, Version 1.1”, User Manual, Redmond, Washington.
 J. P. Bartdet, M. Kapuskar, G.R. Martin, and J. Proubet, “Site
Response Analysis” pp.F85-F138.
 Chopra, Anil K., Dynamics of Structures, Prentice Hall, Upper
Saddle River, NJ, 2001.
 Paz, Mario, Structural Dynamics, CBS Publisher, Darya
Ganj, New Delhi, 1987.
 IS1893: (Part I)-2002, “Criteria for Earthquake Resistant
Design of Structures” (Part 1) Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi, 2002.
 Madhekar, Manoj S., and Jain, Sudhir. K., “Seismic
behavior, design and detailing of RC shear walls, Part I:
Behavior and strength” ICJ Compilation, Volume 67,
No.7, July 1993 pp.311-318.
 Madhekar, Manoj S., and Jain, Sudhir. K., “Seismic
behavior, design and detailing of RC shear walls, Part II:
Design and detailing” ICJ Compilation, Volume 67, No.9,
September 1993 pp.451-457.
 Paulay, T. and Priestley, M.J.N, Seismic Design of
Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings, 1st Edition,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,1992
 LIST OF PAPER PUBLISHED/COMMUNICATED

► LIST OF PAPERS PUBLISHED

1. Jivani D. K. and Patel P. V., “Analysis of shear wall buildings considering site
specific acceleration time history”, International Conference on Construction
managing Earthquake risk, New Delhi, January, 2008.
2. Jivani D. K. and Patel P. V., “Effect of Site Specific Response Spectrum Analysis
of shear wall Buildings”, National Conference on Recent Trends in Geotechnical
and structural Engineering, Jaipur, 1-2 December, 2007.

► LIST OF PAPERS COMMUNICATED

1. Jivani D. K. and Patel P. V., “Site specific response spectrum analysis of

building with different shear wall position”, International conference on
Innovation in Building Materials, Structural Designs and Construction Practices,
Tamilnadu, 15-17 May, 2008. (Paper accepted)
2. Jivani D. K. and Patel P. V., “Analysis of shear walled building using site specific
response spectrum”, National Conference on Infrastructure Development,
Hamirpur, 16-17 May, 2008. (Paper accepted)
3. Jivani D. K. and Patel P. V., “Dynamic Analysis of Shear wall buildings using site
specific response spectra”, 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,
China, 12-17 October, 2008. (Abstract accepted)
 CONCLUSIONS
► Acceleration time histories on ground and response spectra
are influenced by local sub soil characteristics.
► Dynamic analysis of the R.C.C. shear wall framed structures
gives higher time period compared to the time period
obtained from formula of IS1893-2002.
► There is no effect of shear wall positioning on time period
obtained by formula given in IS 1893:2002. Dynamic analysis
of outer sided shear wall building gives higher time period as
compared to other shear wall positioning cases.
► It has been found that the central shear walled buildings have
the minimum time period so they can attract more
earthquake forces among all other shear wall positioned
buildings. Even if one considers the top storey displacements
the central shear walled positioned buildings have limiting
displacements in both directions.
► IS 1893:2002 gives lower value of Sa/g coefficient for 10, 15 and 20
storey building in comparison to site specific response spectrum.
While, IS 1893:2002 gives higher value of Sa/g coefficient for 25 and
30 storey buildings in comparison to site specific response spectrum.
► Total seismic force on building expressed as base shear varies for
various sites. Base shear obtained considering site specific response
spectra is governing for 10, 15 and 30 storied buildings while in case
of 20 and 25 storey building base shear considering IS 1893-2002
response spectra is governing.
► Site specific acceleration time history analysis for 20 storey building
gives more base shear compared to site specific response spectrum
analysis. While, in other cases site specific response spectrum
analysis becomes governing.
► In most of cases outer shear wall positioning in building gives higher
value of Base shear. While, middle side position gives lower value of
Base shear
► Top storey displacement is minimum in case of building having
outer shear wall. While, central Shear Wall position controls the
displacement in both directions. Maximum displacement is
observed in building having middle shear wall.
► Site specific response spectrum analysis gives higher storey
displacement and drift for 10 storey building. While, in case of 15,
20, 25 and 30 storey building IS 1893:2002 response spectrum
gives maximum displacement and interstorey drift.
► Design forces in shear wall of 10 storey building is higher in case
of site specific response spectrum analysis compared to IS
1893:2002 response spectrum analysis.
► In most of cases design forces obtained by site specific response
spectrum analysis is higher compared to site specific time history
analysis.
► From site specific response spectrum analysis it is observed that
building having outer shear wall gives lower design forces in
shear wall while, center shear wall position case gives higher
design forces compared to other shear wall positions.
► From the site specific acceleration time history analysis it is observed
that middle side shear wall position gives higher design forces in
shear wall.
► Design results are obtained for 10 storey and 20 storey buildings. For
10 storey building, it is found out that design as per site specific
response spectra is governing in comparison to IS: 1893 (Part I)-2002.
For 20 storey building, design according to IS 1893 is governing in
comparison to site specific response spectra.
► As the dimension of shear wall is larger, site specific response
spectrum has no effect on its design. But if size of shear wall is
reduced site specific response spectrum analysis is expected to
govern the design.
► The foundation of 10 storey shear wall building is influenced by site
specific response spectrum. While, 20 storey shear wall foundation
design is governed by IS 1893:2002 response spectrum.
► It is necessary to carry out site specific investigation and ground
response analysis for important structures for realistic estimation of
seismic forces and better earthquake resistance.