Pronoun Cation

IPE Young Corporate Leader
Voice & Speech

Workshop 2
Session
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI
Overview
Session 1
Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice Monothongs
Practice Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation

Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice Monothongs
Practice Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation

Vowel sound classification
Vowel Sounds

Monothongs/ pure vowels
- Long and short vowel sounds

Combination sounds
- Diphthongs
- Thiphthongs
Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice Monothongs
Practice Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation

Monothongs
The Vowel sounds are paired as short & long.

Short Vowel sounds Long Vowel sound
i (ih) - Fish, Pig, Kitten i: (ee) - Key, Bee, Feet
(erh) - Computer, producer, over : (uhh) bird, thirteen, curd
(Ah) cub, butter, punch a: (aah) car, dark, blast
(uh) Good, Pudding, Would u: (ooh) blue, shoe, do
D (Aw) - Dog, Frog, Block : (oo) door, more, four
(ae)- Map, Cat, Rat
e(eh) - Egg, Bell, Elephant
Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice Monothongs
Practice Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation

Diphthongs
Combination of two vowel sounds.
[a] as in house (auw)
[a] as in kite (i)
[e] as in same (ay)
[ju] as in few (eu)
[] as in join (oi)
[] as in fear (ea)
[] as in hair (ae)
[] as in tour, poor (ooah)
Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice Monothongs
Practice Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation

Practice
e Sound

He led the lad home.
Anna sat down after losing the first set.
Lets bet on Sachins bat.
He went to bed with a bad cold.
She was happy to go out with her hen-pecked husband.

Practice
i i:Sound

These shoes fit my feet.
She had a meal at the mill.
There are sheep on the ship.
Give me a kiss for the keys.
The beat was a bit strong.

Practice
and : sound

The bird flew over the car.
The girl shook hands with the director.
He bought a dozen of curd packets.
I heard him talk about the procedure.
That dress compliments her figure.

Practice
and a: sound

She threw the cup into the car.
I have a gut feeling that he will come last.
Complete your tasks on time.
He pointed a gun at the masked man.
Utter the word cast with me.
Practice
and u: sound

That was a good move.
He grew up in the woods.
Who would be the class leader?
Look for the loop hole.
There is too much information in the book.

Practice
D and : sound

Four dogs chased me down the alley.
We need more clocks in the house.
Do not touch the hot ore.
Author told the story is over.
The cot is low.

Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice Monothongs
Practice Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation

Tie new coin night
Dear cow bear gate
Paid decoy join height
Tour care dew sane
Poor ground where beer
Boy way here sure
Hair conjure deer queue
Buy few down town

Practice - Diphthong
Practice Diphthong rearranged
down cow ground town
tie buy height night
way paid gate sane
few new dew queue
join boy coin decoy
deer dear here beer
hair where care bear
tour poor sure conjure

Common confusables [] and []

AIR EAR
Care, chair, Clair
Clear, cheer
Glare Gear
Lair Leer
Pare, pair, pear Peer, pier
Tear, there, their Tear, tier
Dare Deer, dear
Bare, bear Beer
Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice Monothongs
Practice Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation

Word stress
Let us look at examples:

1. I didnt say he stole the money

Word stress
Let us look at the sentences again:

1. I didnt say he stole the money - someone else did
2. I didnt say he stole the money- thats not true at all
3. I didnt say he stole the money- I only suggested it
4. I didnt say he stole the money- someone else took it
5. I didnt say he stole the money- he may have borrowed
6. I didnt say he stole the money- but rather some other money
7. I didnt say he stole the money- He may have taken jewelry

Rule 1: contrasting words
Rule 2: opinions
Rule 3: Negation and contractions
Rule 4: Adjective phrases
Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences
Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions
Rule 9: Choices

Word stress - techniques
Rule 2: opinions
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 9: Choices

Rule 1: contrasting words.

She learned cooking but never used that skill.
She studied French but did not enjoy it.
Mary speaks Spanish but she teaches Portuguese.

Contrasts are stressed because they denote two
opposite meanings, and therefore require emphasis.

Rule 2: opinions
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 9: Choices

Rule 2: opinions

I believe he is intelligent but you may differ from me

It looks like a gun but it is a dummy.

I feel they are extremely happy about the incident.

Opinions are stressed since they denote strong perceptions.
However, if there are nouns in the sentence, the nouns get more
emphasis than the verbs.

Harry believes he is intelligent but you may differ from him.

Rule 2: opinions
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 9: Choices

Rule 3: Negation and contractions.

I cant do anything about it
I wont do it for a million bucks
She shouldnt be going out alone

All contractions are not stressed. Only the ones which
carry the essence of negation. Otherwise, the words that
indicates proposition are stressed.

Rule 2: opinions
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 9: Choices

Rule 4: Adjective phrases.

A beautiful girl
A lovely rose
A delicious meal
A refreshing drink
An amazing journey
The lonely man

Rule 2: opinions
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 9: Choices

Rule 5: Compound Noun phrases / combination words &
acronyms.

A hotdog
A businessman
A matchstick

The stress falls on the first word

CIA ISI CGPA GPRS
In acronyms, the last letter will be stressed.
Rule 2: opinions
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 9: Choices

Rule 6: word stress

There is only one syllable in a word that gets stressed

Organize Organization
Industry Industrial Industrialization
Technology Technological
Represent Representative Representation
Atom Atomic
Communicate Communication
Photograph Photographer
Rule 6: word stress tips
-ology -tion -lity -ic/-ics -ical

Biology Station Ability Physics Practical
Sociology Relation Facility Dynamic Physical
Technology Production Utility Logistics Critical
Astrology Specialization Capability Statistics Statistical
Theology Amortization Comprehensibility Gymnastics Logical
-ically -ial -ially -ious -meter

Basically Official Financially Pious Kilometer
Statistically Commercial Essentially Obvious Thermometer
Logically Crucial Substantially Notorious Odometer
Practically Artificial Commercially Ceremonious Barometer
Economically Facial Conscious Speedometer
Rule 2: opinions
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 9: Choices

Rule 7: In long phrases/ sentences, do not use exactly the
same level of intonation to stress words twice in a row.

I tried to cook a delicious meal for her
Our meeting schedule is flexible this afternoon

Rule 2: opinions
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 9: Choices

Rule 8: With close ended questions (When answer is a Yes or No),
intonation rises at the end of the Question.

Are you married?

With open ended questions (That cannot be answered in a yes or
no), the intonation drops at the end of the statement or though
group.

How Long have your worked?

Three Years

Rule 2: opinions
Rule 6: word stress
Rule 9: Choices

Rule 9: Choices

Stress will rise on the first choice or all the choices before
the last one and down/ no stress for the final option to indicate
end of the choices.

Do you want red, black or yellow?

Practice word stress
I attended the seminar by my favorite speaker. During the
seminar, he looked intensely at me, but did not talk to me. So I
thought I should volunteer and went near him to talk. But he
wouldnt open his mouth to talk to me. I was completely
embarrassed. I requested the housekeeper to arrange a different
seat for me in the last row, though the discussion topic was the
DNA of my research work. After the seminar, I asked him do
you really not talk to any audience? and he answered yes and
I asked him why is it so?, but he did not answer. So, I asked
him do you want to talk to me, or not?

Agenda
Vowel sounds
Monothongs
Diphthongs
Practice Monothongs
Practice Diphthongs
Word stress
Intonation

Intonation
Rise and fall in pitch is intonation.

A. He is going tomorrow. :CORRECT
B. He is going tomorrow? : INCORRECT

A drops at the end, making it a statement.
B rises at the end, making it a question.

The distinctive use of different patterns of pitch that carry
meaningful information.
Types of intonation
Fall
Rise
Rise - Fall
Fall - Rise
Level
Complex (in long phrases and sentences)

Types of intonation
Fall
Rise
Rise - Fall
Fall - Rise
Level

Fall: neutral statement, conclusion
Have you seen Kamal?

Yes. (Falling intonation)

Indicates - I have answered your
question and do not intend to add
anything else
Types of intonation
Fall
Rise
Rise - Fall
Fall - Rise
Level

Rise: questioning, doubt, desire to
continue conversation
Have you seen kamal lately?

Yes (Rising intonation)

Indicates - I want to continue the
conversation, I am curious)
Types of intonation
Fall
Rise
Rise - Fall
Fall - Rise
Level

Rise-Fall: emphatic statement, irritation,
command
Do I really have to clean my
room?

Yes!

Types of intonation
Fall
Rise
Rise - Fall
Fall - Rise
Level

Fall-Rise: surprise, scepticism
Kamal and Priya were on
good terms at the party.

Really!

Types of intonation
Fall
Rise
Rise - Fall
Fall - Rise
Level

Level: boredom, lack of interest
Can you remember Kamal, the host
for our college annual function?

Yes.

Types of intonation
Fall
Rise
Rise - Fall
Fall - Rise
Level

Sentence stress
Has focus word intonation on focus word depending on
what message needs to be conveyed.

Focus word Yes; Rise fall (emphatic statement,
irritation, command)
Focus word Yes
Head adds meaning to the sentence and is stressed.
Head Told ; all the words that follow the head word
will have same level pitch.
Sentence stress
Focus word Yes; words that follow will have end
intonation pattern of the focus word.

Head Told ; all the words that follow the head word will
have same level pitch.

Rise Fall (Irritation)
Sentence stress
Sentence stress
Focus word Told (rise fall) - Empathy
Sentence stress fall rise (Surprised,
Shocked)
Focus word might + buy
If 1
st
focus word is rise-fall then, 2
nd
word will
follow opposite fall-rise.
Sentence stress rise fall
Focus word might +buy
Words between 1
st
& 2
nd
focus words will follow
the end intonation of the focus word before them.
Sentence stress distanced focus word
Practice Intonation
1. The first student to finish can go early
2. Sadly, Maurice has gone away
3. The person who was watching me left a ticket
behind
4. Alan couldn't make it so Ken took his place

Questions!
???????
Thank you

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IPE Young Corporate Leader

Voice & Speech

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