Engl 407

Stages of the Speaking Process

Breathing stage
Phonation stage
Resonation stage
Articulation stage
Serve as the
reservoir of air
As you inhale, fill
the lungs
comfortably in
preparation for
speaking.

A large sheet of
muscle separating
the chest cavity
from the abdomen
Forms the floor of
the chest and the
roof of the
abdomen
Gives pressure to
the breath stream

BREATHING EXERCISE:
1. Sit up straight. Exhale.
2. Inhale and, at the same time, relax the belly muscles. Feel as
though the belly is filling with air.
3. After filling the belly, keep inhaling. Fill up the middle of your
chest. Feel your chest and rib cage expand.
4. Hold the breath in for a moment, then begin to exhale as
slowly as possible.
5. As the air is slowly let out, relax your chest and rib cage. Begin
to pull your belly in to force out the remaining breath.
6. Close your eyes, and concentrate on your breathing.
7. Relax your face and mind.
8. Let everything go.
9. Practice about 5 minutes.
PHONATION STAGE
Phonation takes place when
voice is produced in speaking as
the expiratory air stream from
the lungs goes up through the
trachea or windpipe to the
larynx.
Principal organ of
phonation
Found at the top
of the trachea
Protuberance is
known as the
Adams apple

A pair of bundles
of muscles and
cartilages
Open and close
at various
degrees

Also known as
windpipe
Passageway of
air going up
from the lungs
PHONATION EXERCISE
Think about blowing out birthday
candles.
Begin to blow and then turn the
breath into an "ooo" sound on a
comfortable pitch. Feel the tone
begin in the breathing muscles.
Repeat
The voice produced in phonation
is weak. It becomes strong and
rich only when amplified and
modified by the human
resonators. Resonation is the
process of voice amplification
and modification.
Common passageway
for air and food
Located behind the
nose and mouth and
includes the cavity at
the back of the tongue
Divisions of the
pharynx:
Nasal pharynx
Oral pharynx
Laryngeal pharynx

Consists of the external and
internal portions
Nostrils openings of the
external nose
Nasal cavity internal nose;
directly behind the external
nose through which the air
passes on its way to the
pharynx
Septum divides the
external and internal nose
into two separate
passageways


Divided into the vestibule
and the oral cavity
proper
Vestibule felt by placing
the tongue tip outside
the teeth but inside the
lips
Oral cavity felt by
retracting the tongue,
closing the jaws and
moving the tongue about


Upper part
of the larynx
pharynx
Nasal
cavity
Oral
cavity
RESONATION EXERCISE: Pronounce the letters
according to its size. (biggest letters mean
loudest sounds)
a a e e o u
o b i i m n
u m m b p p
b p t l n o
a k h h b v
RESONATION EXERCISE: Read the black
syllables softest and the red syllables
loudest.
Pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa
Ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
La la la la la la la la la
Ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta
Ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba
Fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
Va va va va va va va va va
Articulation occurs when the
tone produced in the larynx is
changed into specific sounds.
This is the result of the
movement of the articulators
towards the points of
articulation.
Highly flexible
Can be moved
into numerous
positions
essential to
articulation

Serve as
important
surfaces in
articulation
Embedded in the
alveolar ridge or
gum ridges of the
oral cavity

Also known as the
hard palate
Bony roof of the
mouth
Serves as an
important surface
against which the
tongue makes
contact

Uvula
Small nub on the
lower border of
the soft palate
Movable tip at
the midline of
the free border
of the soft palate
Also known as the
soft palate
Separates the nasal
pharynx from the
oral cavity
A flexible curtain
attached along the
rear border of the
hard palate

Flexible organ
consisting of
muscles, glands and
connective tissues
Parts of the tongue:
Apex or tip
Blade
Front
Center
Back
root

ARTICULATORS
Lower
jaw
Lower lip
Tongue Velum
Uvula
Points of
articulation
Upper lip
Upper teeth
Upper
alveolar ridge
Hard palate
Soft palate