Computer Software

Describe several important trends occurring in computer

software.

Give examples of several major types of application and
system software.

Explain the purpose of several popular software
packages for end user productivity and collaborative
computing.

Outline the functions of an operating system.

Describe the main uses of high-level, fourth-generation,
object-oriented, and Web-oriented programming
languages and tools.
Objectives
Categories of Computer Software
General-
Purpose
Programs
Application-
Specific
Programs
System
Management
Programs
System
Development
Programs
Application
Software
Computer
Software
System
Software
Development
Tools
Special Applications
Hardware
Operating System
Graphics User Interface
Database Management
Software
Databases
Games
Functions of an Operating System
Resource
Management
Task
Management
User
Interface
File
Management
Utilities
and Other
Functions
Trends in Computer Software
First
Generation
Second
Generation
Third
Generation
Fourth
Generation
Fifth
Generation
User-Written
Programs
Machine
Languages
Packaged
Programs
Symbolic
Languages
Operating
Systems
High-Level
Languages
DBMS
Fourth-Generation
Languages
Microcomputer
Packages
Natural &
Object-Oriented
Languages
Multipurpose
Graphic- Interface
Network-Enabled
Expert-Assisted
Packages

Trend: Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose Network-Enabled Application
Packages for Productivity and Collaboration

Trend: Toward Visual or Conversational Programming Languages and
Tools
Categories of Programming
Languages
Machine Languages
Use binary coded
instructions
1001 1001
1100 1101
High Level Languages
Use brief statements
Compute X = Y + Z
Markup Languages
Use embedded
control codes
Assembler Languages
Use symbolic coded
instructions
LOD Y
ADD Z
Fourth Generation
Languages
Use natural statements
Object-Oriented
Languages
Define objects that
contain data and actions
Document.write
(Hi There)
<H1>First heading</H>
<!ELEMENT Product
(#Item | manuf)>
SUM THE FOLLOWING
NUMBERS

Programming Language Translation
Language
Translation
Process
Source
Program
Machine
Language
Object
Program
Written in
BASIC,
COBOL,
etc.
Language
Translator
Program
Compiler
Interpreter
Assembler
IF A := B
THEN 1001101
1110101
0010110
Why do I want the source code?
Categories of Programming
Languages
Machine Languages
Use binary coded
instructions
1001 1001
1100 1101
High Level Languages
Use brief statements
Compute X = Y + Z
Markup Languages
Use embedded
control codes
Assembler Languages
Use symbolic coded
instructions
LOD Y
ADD Z
Fourth Generation
Languages
Use natural statements
Object-Oriented
Languages
Define objects that
contain data and actions
Document.write
(Hi There)
<H1>First heading</H>
<!ELEMENT Product
(#Item | manuf)>
SUM THE FOLLOWING
NUMBERS

Application software types
Custom development programming
Expensive
Consultant dependent
Hard to get out of
Within application development
Written within an existing software environment
Examples: Spreadsheets, Database applications
Turn key systems
Little customization dependent on the vendor
Turn it on and run it
Development
Tools
Special Applications
Hardware
Operating System
Graphics User Interface
Database Management
Software
Databases
Games?
Categories of software: Layering
The hardware is the center
The system software operating system
Controls the hardware and supports the application
Supports GUI (graphics user interfaces)
Controls communications
Development software tools for creating
applications
Programming languages
Database management software
Applications software The big area



Common General- Purpose
Applications
A move toward generic applications that can
be adapted spreadsheet software and
database software.
Electronic Mail
Word Processing
Presentation Graphics
Multimedia
Personal Information Manager
Groupware

Web Browsers
Discussion
Groups
Surf the Net
Launch
Information
Searches
E-Mail
Multimedia
File
Transfer
Typical uses of a Web
Browser in Internet,
Intranet, and Extranet
Environments
Database Management Packages
Database
Development
Database
Maintenance
Database
Interrogation
Application
Development
Primary Tasks of
Database Management
Packages
Key
Technologies
of
Multimedia
Video Capture
Card
Authoring
Language
Storyboard
Compact Disk
Interactive
Sound Board
Compressed
Audio
Digital Video
Interactive
MIDI
Computer
Edit System
Interactive
Video
Digital Audio
Multimedia Technologies
Business Enterprise Application
Software
Customer
Relationship
Management
Human
Resource
Management
Accounting and
Financial
Management
Supply
Chain
Management
Enterprise
Resource
Planning
Business
Decision
Support
Summary
Software is more capable
Software is more graphic oriented - GUI
Software takes more computer resources
Disk storage and RAM
Databases are more and more dominant
Fewer standard computer languages
Software is more object oriented
Web based applications are increasing
Database systems
Computer software consists of two major types
of programs: application software that directs
the performance of a particular end user task,
and system software that controls and supports
the operations of a computer system.
Application software includes a variety of
programs that can be segregated into general-
purpose and application-specific categories.
Chapter Summary
System software can be subdivided into system
management programs and system development
programs. The former is used to manage
hardware, software, networks, and data
resources. The latter is used by IS specialists to
develop computer programs.
An operating system is an integrated system of
programs that supervises the operations of the
CPU.

Chapter Summary (cont)