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S WAP N I L PAL
IMT GEOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE
Overview
Well log definition and its importance
Fundamentals of qualitative and quantitative log interpretation
Formation evaluation with well logs
Processing and interpretation of well log data
Conclusion
Well log
The continuous
recording of a
geophysical parameter
along a borehole
produces a
geophysical well log.
The value of the
measurement is
plotted continuously
against depth in the
well.
Petrophysical Interpretation
Qualitative assessment
Quantitative assessment
Assessment of
reservoir
properties, fluid type
form log pattern.
Numerical estimation
of
reservoir properties
viz. % of oil, water etc.
Gas
bearing
Hydrocarbo
n bearing
Oil
bearing
Reservoi
r
Water
bearing
ROCK
NonReservoir
Qualitative Interpretation
Identification of Reservoir or Non-reservoir
Qualitative Interpretation
Identification of hydrocarbon or water bearing zone
Qualitative Interpretation
Identification of oil or gas bearing zone
Low gamma ray
+
High Resistivity value
+
Large deviation in RHOB and NPHI value
(cross-over region)
Qualitative Interpretation
Quantitative Interpretation
Estimation of effective porosity &
permeability.
Estimation of volume of clay fraction.
Estimation of hydrocarbon saturation.
Determination of the depth and thickness
of net pay.
Estimation of reserves of hydrocarbon.
Quantitative Interpretation
Estimation of porosity
Quantitative Interpretation
Estimation of porosity
gas bearing zone
Depth
(m)
Vsh
PHID
PHIdc
PHIN
PHInc
effective
(Gas)
0.06 0.044211
0.29488
0.14 0.124211
0.34736
Quantitative Interpretation
Estimation of porosity
oil bearing zone
Depth
(m)
Vsh
PHID
PHIdc
PHIN
PHInc
effective
(Gas)
0.18756
0.275 0.101316
0.13439
Quantitative Interpretation
Estimation of porosity
water bearing zone
Depth (m)
Vsh
PHID
PHIdc
2025
0.236842
0.278788
0.212759
2028
0.565789
0.230303
0.1
2029
0.328947
0.212121
0.142344
2030
0.276316
0.260606
0.188596
2031
0.342105
0.242424
0.15949
2034
0.394737
0.278788
0.16874
2035
0.223684
0.260606
0.202313
2036
0.223684
0.260606
0.202313
2037
0.197368
0.236364
0.189713
Quantitative Interpretation
Estimation of hydrocarbon saturation
Can not be measured directly but inferred from
determination of WATER SATURATION (Sw) from
RESISTIVITY and POROSITY logs.
Sw Fraction of pore space occupied by water.
Sh Fraction of pore space occupied by
hydrocarbon.
S h + Sw = 1
Oil
Water
Quantitative Interpretation
Archies equation
Quantitative Interpretation
Calculation of formation water resistivity : Rw
Using Inverse Archies equation
Depth
Rt
Rw
2025
0.95
0.073837
2028
0.7
0.037128
2029
0.1
0.0045
2030
0.8
0.054332
2031
0.9
0.052893
2034
0.7
0.054406
2035
0.7
0.047541
2036
0.7
0.047541
2037
0.85
0.047488
Quantitative Interpretation
Calculation of water saturation in oil and gas zones
Depth
1940
1945
1948
1950
1953
1957
1958
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
PHId
0.2787
88
0.4181
82
0.3818
18
0.4242
42
0.4848
48
0.3272
0.2363
73
64
0.2666
0.2121
67
21
0.2727
27
0.2727
27
0.2545
45
0.2727
27
0.2909
Rt
0.65
15
35
48
33
0.9
0.85
1
1.5
2
4
2.9
3
1.2
0.8
Sw
(Archie)
0.99484
3
0.13806
2
0.09899
1
0.07607
6
0.08028
3
0.94602
0.72020
9
1
0.86070
0.90950
7
9
0.57975
1
0.40994
6
0.51584
7
0.47336
5
0.70167
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1930
1940
1950
1960
Depth (m)
1970
1980
1990
Qualitative Interpretation
V/s
Quantitative Interpretation
1.2
1 bearing zone
Gas
0.8
Sw: water saturation 0.6
0.4
0.2
Oil
0 bearing zone
Hurray!
Oil
found!!
Conclusion
Well logs contains key information about the formation
drilled in different petro-physical measurements. i.e.
References
Archie II: Electrical conduction in hydrocarbon bearing zone. (n.d.). In
Rock Physics (Vol.
36).
Archie III: Electrical conduction in shaly sand. (n.d.). In Rock Physics (Vol.
1).
Archie's law: Electrical conduction in clean, water bearing rock. (n.d.). In
Rock
physics/History (Vol. 36).
Halliburton. (n.d.). Log Interpretation Charts.
M H Rider. (1991). The Geological Interpretation of well logs. Glasgow:
Whittes Publishing.
(1989). Open hole well logging Interpretation. Texas: Schlumberger
Wireline & Testing.
Serra, O. (1984). Fundamentals of well log interpretation. Amsterdam:
Elsevier.
Thank you