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Flavia Teles,
*
Antonis Konstantinidis,
Ralph Kent,
*
Sigmund Socransky,
*
and Anne Haffajee
*
Background: The objectives of this study were to measure levels of gingival
crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers and subgingival bacterial species in
periodontally healthy subjects and subjects with periodontitis to explore the
relationships among these biomarkers, the subgingival microbiota, and the
clinical parameters of periodontal disease.
Methods: Clinical periodontal parameters were measured at six sites per tooth in
20 subjects with periodontitis and 20 periodontally healthy subjects. GCF and
subgingival plaque samples were obtained from the mesio-buccal aspect of
every tooth. GCF levels of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-8 and matrix
metalloproteinase 8 were measured using checkerboard immunoblotting, and
the levels of 40 bacterial taxa were quantified using checkerboard DNA-DNA
hybridization. A subset of clinically healthy sites from each group was
analyzed separately. The significance of the differences between groups was
determined using the unpaired t test or the Mann-Whitney test. Correlations
among immunologic, microbiologic, and clinical data were determined using
the Spearman rank correlation coefficient.
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Results: There were positive correlations among mean clinical parameters,
mean levels of the three biomarkers, and the proportions of orange and red
complex species (P <0.05). Clinically healthy sites from subjects with periodontitis
had higher levels of IL-1 and IL-8 and higher proportions of orange and red
complex species (P <0.05) than clinically healthy sites from periodontally healthy
subjects. Red complex species were positively associated with the expression of
all biomarkers (P <0.05), whereas purple and yellow complex species had
negative correlations with IL-1 and IL-8 (P <0.05).
Conclusions: Clinically healthy sites from subjects with periodontitis have higher
levels of GCF biomarkers and periodontal pathogens than clinically healthy sites
from periodontally healthy subjects. Different microbial complexes
demonstrated distinct associations with specific GCF biomarkers.
KEYWORDS: Cytokines, gingival crevicular fluid, matrix metalloproteinases,
microbiology, periodontal diseases
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Journal of PeriodontologySeptember 2010, Vol. 81, No. 9, Pages 1308-1316 , DOI
10.1902/jop.2010.090643 (doi:10.1902/jop.2010.090643) Immunologic and Microbiologic
Profiles of Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis Subjects
Bruno Rescala,
*
Wilson Rosalem Jr.,
*
Ricardo P. Teles,
Ricardo G. Fischer,
*
Anne D.
Haffajee,
Sigmund S. Socransky,
Anders Gustafsson,