Professional Documents
Culture Documents
blood
Iodide iodine
Iodide in blood
Iodine
Thyroid cell
Follicle
colloid
DIT T4 T4
Tyrosine residues on TG DIT
TSH
Pituitary gland
TRH
Hypothalamus
【 Relation of iodine to thyroid function 】
Normal thyroid function obviously requires an adequate intake
of iodine; Without it, normal amounts of hormone cannot be
made, TSH is secreted in excess, and the thyroid becomes
hyperplastic and hypertrophies.
The enlarged and stimulated thyroid becomes remarkably
efficient at extracting the residual traces of iodide from the blood.
The iodide-concentrating mechanism develops a gradient for the
ion that may be ten times normal, and in mild to moderate iodine
deficiency, the thyroid usually succeeds in producing sufficient
hormone. Adult hypothyroidism and cretinism may occur in
more severe iodine deficiency.
【 Pharmacokinetics 】
【 Adverse effects 】
Toxicity is directly related to thyroxine levels ( excessive )
and manifests itself as nervousness, heart palpitations and
tachycardia, intolerance to heat and unexplained weight loss.
Antithyroid Agents
SH
S S
O
H3 C N N H3 C N N C OCH2 CH3 HN NH
(CH2 )2 CH3
O
Multiple mechanisms :
1. to block iodine organification (major action)
2. to block coupling of the iodotyrosines
3. to inhibit the peripheral deiodination of T4 and T3
Deiodination
Iodide iodine
Iodide in blood
Iodine
Thyriod cell
Follicle
colloid
DIT T4 T4
Tyrosine residues on TG DIT blood
【 Therapeutic uses 】 Hyperthyroidism
blood
Iodide iodine
Iodide in blood
Iodine
Thyriod cell
Follicle
colloid
DIT T4 T4
Tyrosine residues on TG DIT
Increase synthesis of
thyroid hormones to Reduce the
TSH size of
treat simple goiter
thyroid
Pituitary gland
【 Therapeutic uses 】
β-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs have been used in the therapy
of thyrotoxicosis patients who are not suitable to antithyroid
drugs, operation and therapy with 131I.