ANATOMY

Dr.ARUN KUMAR GUPTA

MBBS. MD(2ND Year)
Department of
RespiratoryMedicine, MCZU.
What is Anatomy?

• Anatomy is the study of the

structure and function of the
body or simply speaking, the
study of the structure of an
organism.
ANATOMICAL POSITION

• -STANDING ERECT
• -UPPER LIMBS BY THE SIDE
• -FACE & PALMS OF THE HANDS FACING FORWARDS
• -Plane of the chin at 90 degrees with the body
• -standing on a flat surface
• During dissection the body lies
in a supine
• Position—so be careful in using
the right anatomical words#
MEDIAN SAGGITAL
PLANE
• Vertical plane passing through the centre
of the body dividing into equal rt. & lt
halves
• Post. & ant. Median lines
• Paramedian plane (parallel to the Median
saggital plane)
• Medial
• Lateral
CORONAL PLANE
• -IMAGINARY VERTICAL PLANES RT.
ANGLE TO THE MEDIAN PLANE
• HORIZONTAL PLANES
• TRANVERSE PLANES
• ANTERIOR &
POSTERIOR(VENTRAL &
DORSAL IN THE TRUNK)
• -Refers to the relation of a
structure nearer the front or
nearer the back of the body
PALMAR & DORSAL
• -Refers to the anterior & posterior
surfaces when referring to the hand
• PLANTAR & DORSAL
• -Refers to the inferior &
superior surfaces of the foot
• Plantar flexion & dorsiflexion
PROXIMAL & DISTAL
• -The relative distances from the roots of
the limbs-nearer or farther away
• SUPERFICIAL & DEEP
• -Relative distance of the structures from the
surface of the body.

• SUPERIOR (cephalic)&
INFERIOR(caudal-in the
trunk)
• -In relation to the upper and lower ends of the body
• Denotes high or low.
INTERNAL AND
EXTERNAL
• -Refers to the relative distance of a
structure from the center of an
organism or cavity.
• IPSILATERAL & CONTRALATERAL
• -Refers to the same or the opposite
sides.
• SUPINE AND PRONE POSITIONS.
• -Lying on the back and lying face
downwards.
TERMS USED FOR
DESCRIBING
MOVEMENTS
• FLEXION
• EXTENSION
• LATERAL FLEXION
• ABDUCTION
• ADDUCTION
• ROTATION
• MEDIAL ROTATION
• LATERAL ROTATION
• PRONATION of the forearm—medial rotation
of the forearm so that the palm faces
posteriorly
• SUPINATION of the forearm—lateral rotation
of the forearm from the pronated position, so
that the palm faces anteriorly.
• CIRCUMDUCTION
• INVERSION—Refers to movement of the foot
so that the sole faces in a medial direction.
• EVERSION---sole faces laterally.
• Internal & External—nearer the surface or
further away from it(in any direction).
• Superficial & Deep—nearer the skin or
further away from it (disregard to the
direction)
• Medius(middle)—position between
superior & inferior or between anterior &
posterior
• Intermediate—bet. Lateral and medial
• Radial deviation (abduction) &
ulnar deviation (adduction)
• In the thumb—abduction &
adduction means movements
anteriorly and posteriorly in
relation to the plane in which
the thumb lies in relation to the
palm.