Aggregate Functions

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 1

Aggregate Functions
 ISO standard defines five aggregate functions:
1. COUNT returns number of values in specified
column.
2. SUM returns sum of values in specified column.
3. AVG returns average of values in specified
column.
4. MIN returns smallest value in specified column.
5. MAX returns largest value in specified column.

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 2

Things to remember

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 3

Count Function
 The COUNT() function returns the number of rows that
matches a specified criteria.
 The COUNT(column_name) function returns the number of
values (NULL values will not be counted) of the specified
column:

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 4

Count Function

 Now we want to count the number of orders from "Customer

Nilsen".
 We use the following SQL statement:

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 5

Count Function
 The COUNT(*) function returns the number of records in a
table:

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 6

Count Function

which is the total number of rows in the table.

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 7

Count Function
 The COUNT(DISTINCT column_name) function returns the
number of distinct values of the specified column:

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 8

Count Function

which is the number of unique customers (Hansen, Nilsen, and

Jensen) in the "Orders" table.
Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 9
Sum Function

 Now we want to find the sum of all "OrderPrice" fields".

 We use the following SQL statement:

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 10

Avg Function

 Now we want to find the average value of the "OrderPrice"

fields.
 We use the following SQL statement:

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 11

Max Function

 Now we want to find the largest value of the "OrderPrice"

column.
 We use the following SQL statement:

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 12

Min Function

 Now we want to find the smallest value of the "OrderPrice"

column.
 We use the following SQL statement:

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 13

Group By Clause
 The GROUP BY statement is used in conjunction with the
aggregate functions to group the result-set by one or more
columns.

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 14

Group By Clause

 Now we want to find the total sum (total order) of each

customer.
 We will have to use the GROUP BY statement to group the
customers.
 We use the following SQL statement:

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 15

Group By Clause

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 16

Group By Clause

 If we omit the group by clause from the statement-

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 17

Things to remember

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 18

Having Clause
 The HAVING clause was added to SQL because the WHERE
keyword could not be used with aggregate functions.

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 19

Having Clause

 Now we want to find if any of the customers have a total

order of less than 2000.
 We use the following SQL statement:

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 20

Having Clause

 Now we want to find if the customers "Hansen" or "Jensen"

have a total order of more than 1500.
 We add an ordinary WHERE clause to the SQL statement:

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 21

Things to remember
 A HAVING condition can refer only to an
expression in the SELECT list, or to an
expression involving an aggregate function.
 If you specify an expression in the HAVING
clause that isn't in the SELECT list, or that
isn't an aggregate expression, you will get
an error.

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 22

Reference
 World Wide Web Schools,
http://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_functio
ns.asp
[05/04/2009]

Rushdi Shams, Lecturer, Dept of CSE, KUET, Bangladesh 23