What is weather?

Weather is:

The Weather Forecast!
Most people watch the weather forecast everyday but
do we really know how they gather all the information?!


To analyze the concepts and basic principles
associated with the climate of India.
To find out the mechanism of Indian
monsoon.
Study the weather of India through the
understanding and analysis of local climate.
Explore the causative factor of the spatial
variations in the climate of the country.
Understand and analyze the variation of
climatic phenomenon in the cycle of seasons.
Make an awareness of the change in climate
(global warming) at local level to understand in
comparing of metropolitan cities of India.
How do we measure
weather?
RHYTHM OF SEASONS
COLD WEATHER
RETREATING MONSOON HOT WEATHER
SOUTH WEST MONSOON
CLIMATE
Summers are very hot, though the humidity levels are not much
as in Calcutta and Bombay. Temperatures in the summer
months can touch 45 degrees Celsius with May and June being
the hottest months.

Rains are spread over a month from early July and humidity levels
at this time can cause uneasiness. The winter months October-
end to February-end are cold and dry and the minimum
temperatures can go as low as 3 degrees Celsius in late
December and January.

Heavy woolens are ideal during this time and can give a sense of
satisfaction and enjoyment. Weather bulletins and forecasts are
given regularly over the television and in the newspapers and
are normally accurate as they are based on satellite information.

FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATE
RELATED TO LOCATION
& RELIEF
RELATED TO AIR
PRESSURE & WIND
Latitude
The Himalayan Mt.
Distribution of Land & water
Distance from Sea

Altitude
Relief
Surface pressure & wind
Upper air circulation
Western cyclones
THE HIMALAYAS-
CLIMATIC
BARRIER
ARABIAN
SEA
BAY OF
BENGAL
INDIAN OCEAN
DISTRIBUTION OF LAND & WATER
HIGH PRESSURE
IN WINTER
MUMBAI
CHENNAI
KOLKOTA
DELHI
SIMLA
DISTANCE FROM SEA
Coastal areas have equable climate where as
Interior parts have extreme climate.
AGRA
16
0
C in Jan
DARJILING
4
0
C in January
ALTITUDE
HIGH ALTITUDE
LOW ALTITUDE
Temperature decreased
from low to high altitude
Receives high
rainfall
Receives low
rainfall
RELIEF
NORTH-EAST
TRADE WIND
SOUTH-EAST
TRADE WIND
INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE
SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE
SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE
SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE
SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE
POLAR HIGH
POLAR HIGH
SURFACE WIND






Why does weather
change spatially &
temporally ?

45
0
C temperature
in June
Tawang 19
0
C in
June
Dross -45
0
C in
December night
Tiruvanantapuram &
Chennai 20
0
C in
December night
Kerala Diurnal
range of
temperature 8
0
C
Thar desert
Diurnal range of
temperature 30
0
C
Cherrapunji &
Mawsynram have
1080cm rain
MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA
Jaisalmer receives
9cm rainfall
MORE DIVERSITIES..
Churu in Rajasthan records a
temperature of 50C or more
on a June day.
Snow fall over the
Himalayas.
Most parts of India receives
rainfall during June to
September.
Tura of Meghalaya receives
rainfall in a single day is
equal to the total rainfall of
Ten years in Jaisalmer of
Rajastan.
It is 19C in Tawang
(Arunachal Pradesh) on the
same day.
Only rainfall over rest of
India.
Tamilnadu coast remains dry
during these months.

Very low rainfall in North west
Himalayas and western
Rajastan which is equal to
10cm per year.
MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA
How it rains
The surface is heated by
the sun
Air rises
Air expands and cools
Air condenses
Water droplets grow to
form raindrops
Air can rise in different
ways
Relief rainfall
Cyclonic Rainfall
Depressions are areas
of low pressure formed
when cold and warm air
meet
The warm air rises
above the cold air to
form a front
There are two types of
fronts depending on the
way in which the air
masses are moving.

Cyclonic Rainfall: Fronts
Warm fronts form
where warm air moves
towards cold air
Cold fronts form where
cold air moves towards
warm air
As air rises at fronts
both are responsible for
rain
Convectional rainfall
Common on hot
summer days inland
Hot air rises quickly and
condenses to form
cumulonimbus
Water freezes at the top
of the cloud forming hail
Associated with
lightning
Fair Weather
Fair weather is produced
by high pressure
High pressure forms
anticyclones
Air sinks and prevents the
formation of rain clouds
Anticyclones cause
heatwaves in summer
and frosty/foggy mornings
in winter
A Satellite Image
A Radar Image
Cyclonic rainfall
moving in from the
west
The brighter the
colour, the heavier
the rainfall
Mountains intensify
the rain such as over
the Scottish
Highlands
The Weather Map
Weather maps
summarise the weather
over a wide area using
symbols
What symbols are used
for: pressure, wind
direction & strength,
cloud cover and
rainfall?