INTRODUCTION

The Automatic gear changer system is used to change the gear in a

tensionless manner. In this system a fuel power is not required to
change the gear.
So, that the human energy will not be wasted. The system consists of
a battery electronics control board, soft gear mechanism through which
the signals are given to the control board which with control the motor
which will in turn change the hard gear.
Thus the soft hand gear system for two wheelers work. This type of
system can be implemented in vehicles. Here through the soft gear or
switching system we can set the gear we want.

Thus the soft hand gear system for two wheelers work. This type of
system can be implemented in vehicles. Here through the soft gear or
switching system we can set the gear we want.

The gear changing motor which is a stepper motor will rotate according to the
gear required. The electronic control board makes all the controls in the system
This type of system can be implemented in vehicles. Here through the soft gear
or switching system we can set the gear we want.

The gear changing motor which is a stepper motor will rotate according to the
gear required. The electronic control board makes all the controlsin the system

BLOCK DIAGRAM
BATTERY
SWITCH 1
SWITCH 2
8051 MICRO
CONTROLLER
DRIVER CIRCUIT
MOTORS
TO BICYCLE GEAR
WORKING PRINCIPLE
Our project consists of Microcontroller, DC motors, Battery,
Bicycle, Switch control, Driver circuit. We use 12v battery to
power up our device and switch control have two switches which
are used to control gear changing .
For automatic gear changing we use 8051 microcontroller as a
controller to control the gear by using motors. Here DC motors are
used to change the gear rotation and L293D is a driver circuit
which is used to drive the motors.
Coming to operation, whenever switch1 is pressed, then
microcontroller gets the signal and the motor rotates in clockwise
direction through the driver circuit which is used to amplify the
current required by the motor and the motor shaft is connected to
bicycle gear and it changes from gear1 to gear4 by using motor
rotation. whenever switch2 is pressed , then microcontroller gets
the signal and the motor rotates in anticlockwise direction and the
motor shaft is connected to bicycle gear and it changes from
gear4 to gear1 by using motor rotation.
SOFTWARE TOOLS


Embedded c
Keil-2
ASSEMBLY

HARDWARE COMPONENTS

AT89C51 Microcontroller
L293D Driver IC
Motors
Battery
Switch control
Bicycle

8051 MICROCONTROLLER
The Intel 8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller which means
that most available operations are limited to 8 bits. There are
3 basic "sizes" of the 8051: Short, Standard, and Extended.
The Short and Standard chips are often available in DIP
(dual in-line package) form, but the Extended 8051 models
often have a different form factor, and are not "drop-in
compatible".

Pin diagram of the 8051 DIP

All these things are called 8051 because they can all be
programmed using 8051 assembly language, and they all
share certain features (although the different models all
have their own special features).
features of 8051
4 KB on chip program memory.
128 bytes on chip data memory(RAM).
4 reg banks.
128 user defined software flags.
8-bit data bus
16-bit address bus
32 general purpose registers each of 8 bits
16 bit timers (usually 2, but may have more, or less).
3 internal and 2 external interrupts.

The Bay Linear LM78XX is integrated linear positive
regulator with three terminals. The LM78XX offer several fixed
output voltages making them useful in wide range of
applications. When used as a zener diode/resistor combination
Replacement, the LM78XX usually results in an effective output
impedance improvement of two orders of magnitude, lower
quiescent current. The LM78XX is available in the TO-252, TO-
220&TO-263 Packages

DC MOTORS
DC motors have a rotating armature winding (winding
in which a voltage is induced) but non-rotating armature
magnetic field and a static field winding (winding that
produce the main magnetic flux) or permanent magnet.
Different connections of the field and armature winding
provide different inherent speed/torque regulation
characteristics.

The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by changing the
voltage applied to the armature or by changing the field current.
The introduction of variable resistance in the armature circuit or
field circuit allowed speed control. Modern DC motors are often
controlled by power electronics systems called DC drives.
BICYCLE:

A fixed-gear bicycle (or fixed-wheel bicycle, commonly
known as a fixie) is a bicycle that has a drive train with no free
wheel mechanism. The freewheel was developed early in the
history of bicycle design but the fixed-gear bicycle remained
the standard track racing design. More recently the 'fixie' has
become a popular alternative among mainly urban cyclists,
offering the advantages of simplicity compared with the
standard multi-geared bicycle.

Most bicycles incorporate a freewheel to allow the pedals to
remain stationary while the bicycle is in motion, so that the rider
can coast, i.e., ride without pedaling using the forward or
downhill momentum of bike and rider. A fixed-gear drive train
has the drive sprocket(or cog) threaded or bolted directly to the
hub of the back wheel, so that the rider cannot stop pedaling.
When the rear wheel turns, the pedals turn in the same direction.
This allows a cyclist to apply a weak braking force without using
a brake , by resisting the rotation of the cranks. It also makes it
possible to ride backwards although learning to do so is much
more difficult than riding forwards.

BATTERY:

we use 12v battery and they have variety of uses in our daily
life. From consumer electronics to robotics, from health care
products to industries, almost every second device we use
has one battery or the other. Batteries have become an
indispensible part of our lives..
There are two types of batteries:
primary batteries (disposable batteries), which
are designed to be used once and discarded, and
secondary batteries (rechargeable batteries),
which are designed to be recharged and used
multiple times
Advantages:


Energy is saved
Low cost
Easy operation

CONCLUSION:

Finally, the Automatic gear changer system is used to
change the gear in a tensionless manner. In this
system a fuel power is not required to change the
gear. So, that the human energy will not be wasted .
It is applicable in all types of two wheeler vehicles.