09 - Owj200105 Wcdma Access Procedure Issue1.0

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Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Access
Procedure
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1
Foreword
Access process is one of the most important processes in
WCDMA network.
Understanding the access process is very crucial for UMTS
optimization
Access process steps, signaling and performance are
introduced in this slide, which is very helpful for the UMTS
optimization engineers

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
The main access procedures
The messages of access procedure
The performance indicators of access procedure
Contents
1. Access Procedure in UMTS
2. Access Procedure Messages
3. Access Procedure Performance Analysis

Contents
1.1 Definition of Access Procedure
1.2 Cell Search
1.3 Cell Selection and Reselection
1.4 Random Access Procedure
Definition of Access Procedure
Two operating mode of UE
Idle mode
After turning on, UE will stay in idle mode, which is identified by
the NAS identification, such as IMSI, TMSI or P-TMSI etc
Connected mode
UE will switch to connected mode which could be CELL_FACH
state or CELL_DCH state from the idle mode
After releasing RRC connection, UE will switch to the idle mode
from the connected mode
Definition of Access Procedure
Definition about access procedure
From the view of access stratum, access is the procedure UE
shift from idle mode to connected mode.
UE can do the registration, service application,
authentication and non-access stratum actions
Contents
1.2 Cell Search
Cell Search
UE doesnt have UTRAN carrier information
In order to find a suitable cell to stay, UE will scan all the
frequencies in UTRAN. In each carrier, UE just need to find a
cell with best signal

UE has UTRAN carrier information
UE will try whether the original cell is suitable to stay. If not, UE
still need to scan all the frequencies about UTRAN in order to
find a suitable cell in PLMN
Synchronization ProcedureCell Search
Slot synchronization
Frame synchronization and
code-group identification
Scrambling-code
identification
UE uses PSC to acquire slot
synchronization to a cell
UE uses SSC to find frame
synchronization and identify the
code group of the cell found in the
first step
UE determines the primary scrambling code
through correlation over the CPICH with all
codes within the identified group, and then
detects the P-CCPCH and reads BCH
information
Synchronization ProcedureCell Search
Slot synchronization
Frame synchronization and
code-group identification
Scrambling-code
identification
UE uses PSC to acquire slot
synchronization to a cell
UE uses SSC to find frame
synchronization and identify the
code group of the cell found in the
first step
UE determines the primary scrambling code
through correlation over the CPICH with all
codes within the identified group, and then
detects the P-CCPCH and reads BCH
information
Contents
1.2 Cell Search
Cell Selection
After cell search, UE will judge whether current PLMN is a
right one. If so, the UE will measure the signal of the cell
and use S criteria to judge whether the cell is suitable to
camp on. This process is cell selection

If the cell signal does not satisfy the S criteria, UE will start
the cell selection and PLMN selection again
Cell Selection
PLMN selection
UE can get the system information from PCCPCH
In system information, the PLMN information is transmitted in
MIB
After getting the MIB, UE can judge weather the current PLMN
is the right one. If so, UE will get the SIB scheduling
information from the MIB; if not, UE will search another carrier,
do this procedure again
Cell Selection
Decision criteria
UE can get Cell selection and re-selection info from SIB3,
which contains Qqualmin, Qrxlevmin/Maximum, allowed UL TX
power UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH
S criteria: Srxlev > 0 & Squal > 0, where:

Squal = Q qualmeas Qqualmin
Srxlev = Q rxlevmeas
Qrxlevmin
Pcompensation
Cell Selection
S criteria parameters
explanation Parameters Explanation
Squal Cell Selection quality value (dB)
Srxlev Cell Selection RX level value (dBm)
Q
qualmeas
Measured cell quality value. The quality of the received signal
expressed in CPICH Ec/N0 (dB) for current cell
Q
rxlevmeas
Measured cell RX level value. This is received signal, CPICH RSCP
for current cells (dBm)
Qqualmin Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB)
Qrxlevmin Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm)
Pcompensation maxUE_TXPWR_MAX_RACHP_MAX0, dBm
UE_TXPWR_MA
X_RACH
Maximum TX power level an UE may use when accessing the cell
on RACH (read in system information) (dBm)
P_MAX Maximum RF output power of the UE (dBm)
Cell Reselection
In idle mode, UE should monitor the quality of current cell
and adjacent cell in order to camp on the best cell to initiate
service. This process is cell reselection
Trigger conditions
Event trigger in idle mode
In idle mode, if the cell can not satisfy S criteria during Nserv
DRXs continuously.
When UE detected itself in non-service area

Cell Reselection
Intra-frequency measurement
Squal Sintrasearch

Qqualmeas Qqualmin Sintrasearch

Qqualmeas Qqualmin + Sintrasearch
Measurement trigger condition
Cell Reselection
Inter-frequency measurement
Squal Sintersearch

Qqualmeas Qqualmin Sintersearch

Qqualmeas Qqualmin + Sintersearch

Cell Reselection
Inter-RAT measurement
Squal Ssearchrat

Qqualmeas Qqualmin Ssearchrat

Qqualmeas Qqualmin + Ssearchrat

Cell Reselection
R
s
= Q
meas
,
s
+ Qhyst
s
R
n
= Q
meas
,
n
- Qoffset
s,n
- TO
n
* (1 L
n
)
TOn = TEMP_OFFSETn * W(PENALTY_TIMEn Tn)
Ln = 0 if HCS_PRIOn = HCS_PRIOs
Ln = 1 if HCS_PRIOn <> HCS_PRIOs
W(x) = 0 for x < 0
W(x) = 1 for x >= 0
R criteria for cell-ranking:

where
Decision criteria
Cell Reselection
Parameters Explanation
R
s
The R value of current serving cell
Q
meas,s
The quality value of current serving cell
Q
Hyst,s
The hysteresis for the current serving cell
R
n
The R value of adjacent cells
Q
meas,n
The quality value of adjacent cells
Q
offset s,n
The load level offset for cell reselection
Parameters explanation
Cell Reselection Hysteresis Time
Time
Treselection
Quality
Rn
Rs
Qmeas,n
Qmeas,s
Qhyst,s
Qoffsets,n
Contents
1.2 Cell Search
Random Access Procedure
Definition
Random access procedure is initiated by UE in order to get
service from the system. Meanwhile, the access channels are
allocated to the UE by system.

This process may happen in the following scenario:
Attach and detach
LA update and RA update
Signaling connection for services
Random access channel
AICH access
slots
10 ms
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14 #13 #12 #11 #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4
p-a
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14 #13 #12 #11 #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4
PRACH
access slots
SFN mod 2 = 0 SFN mod 2 = 1
10 ms
Access slot set 1 Access slot set 2
The access slots of different RACH sub-channels
are illustrated by the following table
SFN mod 8 Random access sub-channels number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 12 13 14 8 9 10 11
2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3 9 10 11 12 13 14 8
4 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
6 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Message part Preamble
4096 chips
10 ms (one radio frame)
Preamble Preamble
Message part Preamble
4096 chips 20 ms (two radio frames)
Preamble Preamble
The following figure shows the RACH procedure
No
detect
No
detect
No
detect
ACK
message
p-p
p-m
p-p
p-m
One access slot
p-a
p-m
p-p
Pre-
amble
Pre-
amble Message part
Acq.
Ind.
AICH access
slots RX at UE
PRACH access
slots TX at UE
The interval between two preambles should be longer than
the minimum value
p-p p-p,min

Parameters about the procedure
START
Choose a RACH sub channel from
available ones
Get available signatures
Set Preamble Retrans Max
Set Preamble _ Initial _ Power
Send a preamble
Check the corresponding AI
Increase message part power by p
-m based on preamble power
Set physical status to be RACH
message transmitted
Set physical status to be Nack
on AICH received
Choose a access slot again

Counter> 0 & Preamble power-
maximum allowed power<6 dB
Choose a signature and
increase preamble transmit power
Set physical status to be Nack
on AICH received
Get negative AI
No AI
Report the physical status to MAC
END
Get positive AI
The counter of preamble retransmit
Subtract-1, Commanded preamble power
increased by Power Ramp Step
N
Y
Send the corresponding message part
The specific process
Contents

Contents
2.1 System Information Broadcast
2.2 RRC Connection Messages
System Information Broadcast
System information structure
Information elements are broadcasted in SIB, and the same category
information can be put into one SIB
The structure of system information is like a tree, which showed in the
following figure: the MIB contains the scheduling information about SIB; the
upper class SIB contains the same information of lower class one
Contents
2.1 System Information Broadcast
2.2 RRC Connection Messages
RRC Connection Message
Typical RRC connection messages
RRC_CONNECTION_REQUEST
RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP
RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP_COMPLETE
RRC_CONNECTION_REJECT
RRC_CONNECTION_RELEASE
RRC Connection Setup on
RACH/FACH
RRC Connection Setup on DCH
RRC CONNECTION
REQUEST
RRC CONNECTION
SETUP
RRC
CONNECTION
SETUP
COMPLETE
RRC CONNECTION RELEASE
RRC CONNECTION REJECT
DCCH is mapped on common channel (RACH/FACH)
DCCH is mapped on dedicated channel (DCH)
Mapping of DCCH
Contents

Contents
3.1 Performance Indicators
3.2 The Influence Factors for Performance
Access Procedure Performance Indicators
Accessibility
System Resource Availability
Access Time Delay
Contents
3.1 Performance Indicators
3.2 The Influence Factors for Performance
The Influence Factors for Performance
Incorrect Tcell setting influenced the Cell Search
Speed
Tcell is used to define the relative time delay between
the starting transmission time of SCH, CPICH and
BFN
Tcell
In RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message, UE
has to report the measurement result about current
cell and neighbor cells

If there are too many neighbor cells, UE needs
longer time to do the measurement. Then, the user
access time will be longer

Neighbor list
Complex radio environment will cause slow fading,
which will influence the access procedure

Radio environment
The path loss can be different on different clutters, which
will influence the preamble transmission power calculation
in the open loop power control procedure
By the formula, the compensation for the difference path
loss of uplink and downlink is Constant Value.
Preamble_Initial_Power = Primary CPICH TX power
CPICH_RSCP + UL interference + Constant Value
Clutter difference
References
3GPP 25.211 Physical channels and mapping of transport
channels onto physical channels (FDD)
3GPP 25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD)
3GPP 25.214 Physical layer procedures (FDD)
3GPP 25.331 Radio Resource Control Protocol
Specification
Thank you
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