Backhaul satellite

2G -3G 4G
Interfaces
2 G / 2.5 G GSM Network - 3G UMTS/HSDPA
These Abis, A, Gb and Iu interfaces have historically defined backhaul transport requirements,
since they specify the physical layer 1 implementation.
Backhaul 2 G / 2.5 G GSM Network
In a typical GSM wireless network base station transceivers (BTS) are located at the cell site
and provide the control and radio air interface for each cell. Base station controllers (BSC)
provide control over multiple cell sites and multiple base station transceivers. The base
station controllers can be located in a separate office or co-located at the mobile switching
center (MSC).

Link A-bis : from 64 kbps to 2 Mbps (E1, T1).
Backhaul 2 G / 2.5 G GSM Network
Architecture mode SCPC
Modems point point de type SCPC (par ex : ComtechEFdata, Paradise Datacom)
Transmission is expensive because the
satellite connection requires the full
SCPC bandwidth even when there is
no traffic from the site.
Backhaul 2 G / 2.5 G GSM Network
Improve Architecture mode SCPC
DoubleTalk Carrier-in-Carrier, based on patented Adaptive Cancellation technology, allows
transmit and receive carriers of a duplex link to share the same transponder
space. DoubleTalk Carrier-in-Carrier is complementary to all advances in modem technology,
including advanced FEC and modulation techniques. As these technologies approach
theoretical limits of power and bandwidth efficiencies, DoubleTalk Carrier-in-Carrier utilizing
advanced signal processing techniques provides a new dimension in bandwidth efficiency.
http://www.comtechefdata.com/technologies/doubletalk
Backhaul 2 G / 2.5 G GSM Network
Architecture mode TDMA
Today, however, the introduction of Abis over IP and advances in satellite modem
technology make it possible to reduce transmission expenses for remote sites. Advanced
modulation techniques increase the bit rate per hertz, and bandwidth-sharing technology
allows sites to share satellite bandwidth by means of point-to-multipoint connections
and a resources-in-pool concept.
Legacy Single Channel per Carrier (SCPC)
satellite connections have historically bridged
the gap where traditional terrestrial networks
were not viable options. By its nature, SCPC
supports only one transmission (BTS) per
satellite channel, requiring that each link be
engineered to support the peak hour at each
base station (BTS) location, resulting in
significant unused bandwidth during non-peak
hours. SCPC is difficult and costly to manage,
forcing operators to over-dimension networks
to avoid carrier resizing to accommodate
future traffic growth. The net result is that
costly satellite bandwidth goes unused, and
the cellular operator pays for the inherent
inefficiency out of their bottom line.
Backhaul 2 G / 3G Network
Architecture IP Base TDMA
By optimizing the A.bis interface to perform functions such as silence suppression and
efficient multiplexing of signaling channels, the operator is able to significantly reduce
bandwidth requirements without impacting the user experience.
Backhaul
Innovations in IP-based cellular infrastructure
Backhaul
Innovations in IP-based (LTE) networks
IDirect and Hughes have experimented Lte over Satellite Backhaul.

The suitable use case for satellite backhauling is (
http://cbnl.com/sites/all/files/userfiles/files/Small%20cell%20backhul%20the%20big%20picture.pdf )

Outdoor not-spots such as remote rural village.
Indoor not spots such as shopping malls, stadiums.
Backhaul 2G/3G/4G/5G
Innovations in SDN and NFV ?
What improvement SDN + NVF can give for Backhaul

Flexibility : Dynamically control via an API radio access and management QoS ?

Optimisation : Traffic management / traffic engineering ?

Agnostic : Hardware indpendant ?

Managed hybrid backhaul or redundant backhaul ?

Take in account Critical New Security Requirements ?



http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/publications/communicate/hw-259732.htm

Huaweis LTEHaul solution ensures smooth interoperations among the fronthaul, backhaul,
and core network layers, while separating the bearer & control functions via SDN and
centrally managing and automatically configuring the cell site gateway (CSG) and small cell
site gateway (SCSG) on the aggregation site gateway (ASG). This helps operators simplify
network O&M, reduce OPEX by up to 60%, and enhance service TTM.


http://forums.juniper.net/jnet/attachments/jnet/IndustrySolutionsEMEA/258/1/Mobile-
SDN-The-future-is-virtual-final%20July.pdf

Juniper - Mobile SDN: The future is virtual

.
Backhaul 2G/3G/4G/5G
Innovations in SDN and NFV ?
Operators will need to scale capacity with increasing flexibility



Introduction of software-defined networking (SDN) principles into the mobile backhauling
network