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INTRODUCTION TO
POLYMER
At the end of this lecture,
students should be able to
Determine types of polymer
Determine physical properties of polymer
Determine types of polymerization
INTRODUCTION
Pol!"er is a macro"olecule
co"#rised of re#eatin$ structural
units %oined b! co&alent bonds'
clays (bricks,
cement,
pottery)
sands (glass)
fibres
polysaccharides
(starch,
cellulose)
proteins
(collagen,
lignins)
polyisoprene
(rubbers)
adhesiv
es
fibres
coatings
plastics
rubbers
resins
Pol!"ers are usuall! di&ided into t*o
$rou#s accordin$ to their #h!sical or
che"ical hardenin$ #rocesses
ther"o#lastic and ther"osettin$ resins'
Addition #ol!"ers
Condensation #ol!"ers
5o*e&er, so"e #ol!"ers are neither
condensation nor addition #ol!"ers'
Chain reaction
1te# reaction
Addition polymerisation
se:uential addition of one
bifunctional;#ol!functional "ono"er
to $ro*in$ #ol!"er chains *ithout
the eli"ination of an! #art of the
"ono"er "olecule'
P
n < M Pn</
e'$' eth!lene, e#o4ide
Condensation polymerisation
#ol!"ers for"ed fro" bifunctional
"ono"ers *ith the eli"ination of a
s"all "olecule s#ecies 2*3' The
reaction can occur bet*een an!
t*o $ro*in$ #ol!"er "olecules'
P
" < Pn P"<n < *
E'$'
Dicarbo4!lic acid < dia"ine #ol!a"ide
Dicarbo4!lic acid < dialcohol #ol!ester
Ter"ination 2@ t!#es3
2i3 di"erisation
C5@> < C5@> C5@8C5@
2ii3 dis#ro#ortionation
C5@8C50C50> < C5@2C5030C50>
C5@C5=C50 < C5@2C5030C5@
2iii3 chain transfer a chain transfer a$ent de#osits a h!dro$en *ith one
electron on the radical of a $ro*in$ #ol!"er chain and this #rocess initiate
another #ol!"erisation #rocess'
uv
Molecular *ei$ht control
Concentration of "ono"er
Molecular *ei$ht