Nervous System

Parts of the Nervous System

Brain
Spinal Cord
Nerves
Vocabulary to Know
Homeostasis
The regulation of steady, life-maintaining
conditions inside an organism, despite
changes in its environment
Nerve Cells
Neurons
Basic functioning units of the nervous
system

http://ilearn.senecac.on.ca/aahs/health/IHP/ottawa/anatomy/neuron/map/neuron.html
http://35.9.122.184/images/40-AnimalStructureAndFunction/
Neurons
Made up of a cell body and branches
called dendrites and axons
Dendrites receive messages from other
neurons and send them to the cell body
Axons carry messages away from the
cell body
Any message carried by a neuron is called an impulse Any message carried by a neuron is called an impulse
Neurons
A message carried by a neuron is called
an impulse
Types of Neurons
Sensory
Motor
Interneuron
Sensory Neurons
Receive information
Send impulses to the brain or spinal
cord
Interneurons
Send impulses from sensory neurons
to motor neurons
Motor Neurons
Conduct impulses from the brain or
spinal cord to muscles or glands
throughout your body
Synapse
Small space across which an impulse
moves from an axon to the dendrites
or cell body of another neuron
Synapse
An impulse reaches the end of an
axon
Axon releases a chemical
Flows across the synapse
Stimulates the impulse in the dendrite
of the next neuron
Impulse moves from neuron to neuron
http://www.med.harvard.edu/publications/On_The_Brain/Volume7/Number1/images/Neuron.jpg
http://mhln.com
An impulse moves in only one direction across a
synapse - from an axon to the dendrites or cell body of
another neuron.
Two Parts
Central (CNS)
Peripheral (PNS)
http://inside.salve.edu/walsh/cns_pns.jpg
Central Nervous System
Brain
Spinal cord

The Brain
Coordinates body activities
Made up of approximately 100 billion
neurons
Divided into three major parts-
the cerebrum
the cerebellum
the brain stem.

Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain
Thinking
Memory is stored
Movements are controlled
Impulses from the senses are
interpreted.
Cerebellum
Interprets stimuli from eyes, ears,
muscles
Controls voluntary muscle movements
Maintains muscle tone
Helps maintain balance
Brain Stem
Connects brain to spinal cord
Made up of the midbrain, the pons,
Act as pathways connecting various
parts of the brain with each other
Medulla
controls involuntary actions
http://www.cbituk.org/GRAPHICS/brain.gif
The Spinal Cord
Extension of the brain stem
Bundles of neurons that carry
impulses from all parts of the body to
the brain and from the brain to all
parts of your body
extension of the brain stem. It is made up of bundles of neurons that carry impulses from all parts of the body to the brain and from the brain to all parts of your body
















Research
Visit the
Glencoe
Science
Web site at
tx.science.
glencoe.co
mfor more
information
about the
nervous
system.
Make a
brochure
outlining
recent
medical
advances.


The
Peripheral
Nervous
System
Your brain
and spinal
cordare
connected
to the rest
of your
body by
the
peripheral
nervous
system.
The PNS
is made up
of 12 pairs
of nerves
fromyour
brain
called
cranial
nerves,
and 31
pairs from
your spinal
cordcalled
spinal
nerves.
Spinal
nerves are
made up of
bundles of
sensory
and motor
neurons
bound
together by
connective
tissue. For
this
reason, a
single
spinal
nerve can
have
impulses
going to
and from
the brain at
the same
time. Some
nerves
contain
only
sensory
neurons,
and some
contain
only motor
neurons,
but most
nerves
contain
both types
of neurons.


Somatic
and
Autonomic
Systems
The
peripheral
nervous
systemhas
two major
divisions.
The
somatic
system
controls
voluntary
actions. It
is made up
of the
cranial and
spinal
nerves that
go fromthe
central
nervous
systemto
your
skeletal
muscles.
The
autonomic
system
controls
involuntary
actions-
those not
under
conscious
control-
such as
your heart
rate,
breathing,
digestion,
and
glandular
functions.
These two
divisions,
along with
the central
nervous
system,
make up
your
body's
nervous
system.




Peripheral Nervous System
Connects body to brain & spinal cord
12 pairs of nerves from your brain
(cranial nerves)
31 pairs from your spinal cord (spinal
nerves)
Bundles of sensory and motor neurons
held together by connective tissue
http://www.christopherreeve.org/Research/Research.cfm?ID=178&c=21
Peripheral Nervous System
Two divisions
Somatic
Autonomic
http://abdellab.sunderland.ac.uk/lectures/Parmacology/Pics/anatomy/PNS.GIF
Somatic Nervous System
Controls voluntary actions
Made up of the cranial and spinal
nerves that go from the central
nervous system to your skeletal
muscles
Autonomic Nervous System
Controls involuntary actions-those not
under conscious control-such as your
heart rate, breathing, digestion, and
glandular functions
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/autonomic.gif
Reflexes
Involuntary, automatic response to a
stimulus
Involves a simple nerve pathway
called a reflex arc