MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein C.

Muhlstein, 2007
1
Phase Diagrams
Binary phase
diagram
phases present
composition of
phases
relative amount of
phases
Solid solutions
Callister, Materials Science and Engineering:
An Introduction (2003)
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein C. Muhlstein, 2007
2
Dispersion Strengthening and Precipitation Hardening
Mechanism: small particles in a metal can impede
deformation
Dispersion strengthening
Particulates added to the (usually liquid) material
Material added should not react with base metal
Composite
Precipitation Hardening
Age hardening
Particulates created in material by heat treatment
Nucleation and growth process
Phase diagram used to identify amenable alloy systems
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein C. Muhlstein, 2007
3
Precipitation Hardening
Phase diagram features
Appreciable solid
solubility of one
component
Solubility limit that
decreases rapidly
Alloy composition less
than solubility limit
Necessary, but not
sufficient, condition for
precipitation-hardenable
alloy
Hypothetical phase diagram of
precipitation-hardenable alloy.
Callister, Materials Science and Engineering:
An Introduction (2003)
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein C. Muhlstein, 2007
4
Precipitation Hardening
Two-stage heat
treatment
Solution heat
treatment and
quench
Precipitation heat
treatment in a + b
phase field (aging)
Callister, Materials Science and Engineering:
An Introduction (2003)
Schematic of precipitation hardening
heat treatment.
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein C. Muhlstein, 2007
5
Precipitation Hardening
Underaged
Peak Aged
Overaged
Aging behavior of a hypothetical aluminum alloy.
Callister, Materials Science and Engineering:
An Introduction (2003)
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein C. Muhlstein, 2007
6
Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloys
Under, peak, and
overaged aluminum
alloys
Precipitation hardened 7150-T651 alloy.
Callister, Materials Science and Engineering:
An Introduction (2003)
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein C. Muhlstein, 2007
7
Linear Elastic Behavior of Materials
Engineering stress, s,
and strain, e
Hookes law
Poissons Ratio, n
Stiffness and
compliance
Schematic of tensile, shear, and torsion in elastic solids.
Callister, Materials Science and Engineering:
An Introduction (2003)
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein C. Muhlstein, 2007
8
Measuring Tensile Behavior
Schematic of tensile test. Schematic of tensile specimen.
Specimen geometry
Experimental setup
ASTM Standards E8
and E9
Callister, Materials Science and Engineering:
An Introduction (2003)
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein C. Muhlstein, 2007
9
Room Temperature Elastic Moduli of Materials
Compare
Polymers
Metals
Ceramics
Ashby, Materials Selection in Mechanical
Design (1999)
A material property chart of Youngs modulus and
density.
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein C. Muhlstein, 2007
10
Elastic Behavior of Al, Fe, and Ti Alloys
Alloy Youngs Modulus, E
(GPa)
Poissons
Ratio, v
Al 69 0.33
Ti 107 0.34
Steel 207 0.30
Room temperature
behavior
Elevated temperature
behavior
Temperature dependence of elastic
modulus of metals.
Callister, Materials Science and Engineering:
An Introduction (2003)
Room temperature elastic properties.