This document provides information about vital signs and how to take measurements of temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It includes:
1. A pre-test with questions about tools used to take vital signs like a stethoscope and thermometer.
2. Descriptions of normal ranges for vital signs measurements like temperature, pulse rate by age.
3. Details on different methods of taking temperature orally, rectally, in the armpit and types of thermometers.
4. How to take a pulse measurement and normal pulse rates.
5. Information on blood pressure including how the heart pumps blood and types of blood pressure apparatuses.
This document provides information about vital signs and how to take measurements of temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It includes:
1. A pre-test with questions about tools used to take vital signs like a stethoscope and thermometer.
2. Descriptions of normal ranges for vital signs measurements like temperature, pulse rate by age.
3. Details on different methods of taking temperature orally, rectally, in the armpit and types of thermometers.
4. How to take a pulse measurement and normal pulse rates.
5. Information on blood pressure including how the heart pumps blood and types of blood pressure apparatuses.
This document provides information about vital signs and how to take measurements of temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It includes:
1. A pre-test with questions about tools used to take vital signs like a stethoscope and thermometer.
2. Descriptions of normal ranges for vital signs measurements like temperature, pulse rate by age.
3. Details on different methods of taking temperature orally, rectally, in the armpit and types of thermometers.
4. How to take a pulse measurement and normal pulse rates.
5. Information on blood pressure including how the heart pumps blood and types of blood pressure apparatuses.
Directions: Write True, if the answer is correct, or
False if it is incorrect. 1.A stethoscope is used for listening the action of the heart. 2. Temperatures are bodily functions that reflect the bodys state of health and are easily measurable. 3. When measuring the clients temperature, it is not important for the caregiver to wash his/her hands because he/she does not come in contact with the clients bodily fluid. 4. As a caregiver, you should inform the client when you take his temperature orally. 5. The earpieces of the stethoscope must be placed into your ears. Directions: Encircle the letter of the best answer. 1. The use of this type of temperature is now being eradicated as the mercury content is dangerous to people. a. Clinical Thermometer b. Digital Thermometer c. Ear Digital Thermometer d. Infrared Thermometer 2. What is the balance between heat produced and heat lost in body?
a. Pulse Rate b. Body Temperature c. Respiratory Rate d. Blood Pressure 3. The normal range of body temperature is
a. 38 C 38. 5 C b. 35 C 37 C c. 39 C - 40 C d. 29 C 30 C 4. A kind of temperature that is placed under the armpit
a. Oral Thermometer b. Rectal Thermometer c. Axillary Thermometer d. None of the above 5. Any reading taken in this location is already the exact temperature. a. Oral b. Rectal c. Axillary d. None of the above Answers 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. a Transfer Goal Recognize in particular, the use and functions the tools, equipment and paraphernalia in caregiving.
Independently use the tools, equipment and paraphernalia appropriate for the purpose in caregiving
Preserve the tools, equipment and paraphernalia being utilized in any caregiving activity
Maintain the tools, equipment and paraphernalia in caregiving
Essential Understanding In providing health care, a caregiver must master the proper utilization of the equipment, tools and paraphernalia. There are common tools and equipment in taking the vital signs, following its functions and purposes.
Essential Question In taking the vital signs of a client or patient, what is the specific equipment to be used?
List down the steps on how to use the thermometer, stethoscope and BP Apparatus properly.
Demonstrate how to use the thermometer, stethoscope and BP Apparatus.
Read the bible passage : Prov 3:5:
Trust in the LORD with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding. Answer the following: 1.What does the bible passage means?
2. How will you relate it in your daily lives?
3.Relate the bible passage to our topic Caregiving. Vital Signs
- also referred to as cardinal signs, generally include pulse rate, temperature, respiration and blood pressure.
Reasons for getting Vital Signs Data Base Formulation of Treatment Plan Program Setting of Goals Assessment or evaluation of the treatment plan Pulse RATE - Is a measurement of the heart rate, of the number of times the heart beats per minute. It varies among individuals depending on their age, sex and body size.
unit used in measuring pulse
Pulse - The rhythmical throbbing of arteries produced by the regular contractions of the heart, especially as palpated at the wrist or in the neck The 9 Pulse Sites 1. Temporal found at the side of the forehead 2. Facial upper portion of the jaw 3. Carotid side of the neck 4. Brachial / Cubittal inner aspect of fore are at the ante cubittal space (crease of the elbow) 5. Radial right side of the wrist (thumb) where pulse is usually taken 6. Ulnar left side of the wrist along the smallest finger 7. Femoral inner aspect of the upper thigh/near the groin 8. Popliteal behind the knee/back of the knee 9. Dorsalis pedis two fingers below the middle/center of the foot wrist Temporal Individual Pulse Rate according to age and number of beats per minute (bpm) Average 70 75 bpm Adults 60 90 bpm Adult men 60 70 bpm Adult women 65 80 bpm Children over 7 years old 70 90 bpm Children from 1 year old - 7 years old 80 - 110 bpm Infants 110 - 160 bpm Bradycardia / Bradycardic Below 50 bpm Tachycardia / Tachycardic Over 120 bpm (except among infants) FACTORS AFFECTING PULSE RATE Age As age increases, the pulse rate gradually decreases Sex After puberty, the average males pulse rate is slightly lower than the females. Exercise Pulse rate usually increases with activity Fever The pulse rate increases in response to the lowered blood pressure that associated with elevated body temperature, Medications Some medications decrease the pulse rate, and others increase it. TAKING BODY TEMPERATURE Transfer Goals Identify the factors involved in taking body temperature.
Appropriately utilize the tools and equipment used in taking body temperature.
Clean and store the tools and equipment used in taking body temperature
Essential Understanding
Body Temperature
Causes of Fever
Temperature measured in Centigrade to Fahrenheit.
Essential Question
Define the meaning of body temperature
Identify the causes of fever
Convert Centigrade to Fahrenheit
Pre - Test Directions: On your paper, draw STAR if the answer is correct, and CIRCLE if it is incorrect.
1. Temperature taken orally is the most accessible and convenient method. 2. Fever is not an important symptom of an illness. 3. Temperature taken in the armpit is the most accurate measurement. 4. Our emotions does not affect the body temperature. 5. Ear digital thermometer measures the heat coming from the eardrum.
Read the Bible Passage Temperature is a measurement of the amount of heat in the body. The balance between heat produced and heat lost is the body temperature. Range of Body Temperature Hypothermia Below 29 C Average / Normothermia 35 C 37 C Fever/Pyrexia 38 C 39 C Hyper Pyrexia / Hyper Thermia 40 C - 44 C Hypothermia From the greek words hypo below and therm heat
A condition in which temperature is abnormally lower than the normal.
Fever/PYREXIA From the greek word pyrecticus fever.
One of the common medical signs and is characterized by an elevation of body temperature above normal range.
hyperPYREXIA From the greek words hyper rise and pyrexia fever.
Occurs when the body produces or absorbs more heat that it can dissipate.
Methods of Taking Body Temperature In the mouth (ORAL TEMPERATURE) - most accessible and convenient method of taking temperature.
In the anus (RECTAL TEMPERATURE) - Is the most accurate method for measuring the core temperature. Methods of Taking Body Temperature Under the arm(AXILLARY TEMPERATURE)
- Safest and not involving the introduction of instruments into the body. Normal Ranges of body temperature Oral Temp. : 36.4 to 37.2 degrees Celsius
Rectal Temp. : 37 to 37.8 degrees Celsius
Axillary Temp. :35.9 to 36.7 degrees Celsius Factors that Affect Body Temperature Climate / Environment Exercise Increase Metabolism Menstrual Period Emotions DIFFERENT TYPES OF THERMOMETERS Clinical Thermometer It is made of glass with a narrowing above the bulb so that the mercury column stays in position even when the instrument is removed. CLINICAL THERMOMETER Digital Thermometer This type of thermometer does not use mercury which is hazardous to humans. Using this is simple, quick and effective. DIGITAL THERMOMETER Ear Digital Thermometer This thermometer measures the heat coming from the eardrum. EAR DIGITAL THERMOMETER Conversion of Centigrade to Fahrenheit To convert Centigrade to Fahrenheit, multiply by 9/5 and add 32. F = (9/5 x C ) + 32 To change Fahrenheit to Centigrade, subtract 32 and multiply by 5/9. C = (F 32 ) x 5/9 BP APPARATUS Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels. Each time the heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries. When the heart is contracting, the pressure is highest. This pressure is called Systolic Pressure. As the heart is at its most relaxed state, the pressure is lowest and what we call as Diastolic Pressure. How the heart pumps? Watch this video SPHYGMOMANOMETER or BLOOD PRESSURE METER Stethoscope Stethoscope
A stethoscope is an instrument which is used for listening to the action of the heart, lungs, etc., usually consisting of a circular piece placed against the chest, with tubes leading to earpieces. BP Apparatus Aneroid (sphygmomanometer)
An aneroid unit is mercury free and consists of a cuff that can be applied with one hand for self-testing; a stethoscope that is built in or attached; and a valve that inflates and deflates automatically with the data displayed on an easy-to-read gauge that will function in any position. BP Apparatus Aneroid (sphygmomanometer) BP Apparatus Mercurial (sphygmomanometer)
A mercury-based unit has a manually inflatable cuff attached by tubing to the unit that is calibrated in millimeters of mercury. During blood pressure measurement, the unit must be kept upright on a flat surface and the gauge read at eye level. BP Apparatus Mercurial (sphygmomanometer) BP Apparatus Digital (sphygmomanometer) A digital unit is mercury free and consists of a cuff that can be applied with one hand for self-testing; a stethoscope that is built in or attached; and a valve that inflates and deflates automatically with the data displayed on the LCD BP Apparatus Digital (sphygmomanometer) RESPIRATION Test HOME NURSING Home Nursing Is the act of taking care of a sick person at home so that the person receives all attention at the same time retains his/her sense of independence and privacy
Basic needs of a patient that the home nurse should take into consideration: 1. Eat and drink adequately 2. Keep the body clean 3. Select and wear comfortable clothing 4. Be in safe and secure environment 5. Move and maintain a comfortable position 6. Sleep and rest adequately 7. Breathe normally
8. Maintain normal body temperature 9. Communicate with others, express emotions, and needs 10. Play and participate in some recreations 11. Learn and satisfy curiosity that is part of normal development and health 12. Have company 13. Respect his/her privacy
Personality Traits of a Home Nurse
1.Attentive and Receptive a home nurse should be considerate to the patients feelings and needs. He should be attentive to the patients choices about his/her care
2.Cheerful a jolly and gay person communicates his own good spirits to others, thereby inspiring the patient to work with home nurse in order to fasten his recovery
3. Understanding a home nurse should be considerate and sensitive to the patients moods, physical pain and sensitiveness
4. Resourceful and Flexible a home nurse should be capable of dealing skillfully with patients concern and should easily adjust to the needs of the patient
5. Knowledge a home nurse should keep records of the patients vital signs, food intake, medicine intake, bowel movement and frequency of urination. This will help the doctor monitor and assess the patients health status
6. Dependable and reliable For the home nurse to be effective in giving the medication, he/she should follow specific instructions, correct dosage and prescribes time given by the doctor
7. Well groomed A home nurse should be clean, neat and tidy in every way such as dressing in a simple manner but being well-groomed and smelling fresh. Test for LESSON II