Reported by: Ronald A.

Sato
Master of Science n Education


Governance: Definition
The collection of systems, processes, culture and
capabilities that combine to make it possible to
take and implement decisions which are widely
accepted as necessary, appropriate and fair.
Appropriate mandate, being able to co-produce
good governance and accountability with
governments and citizens working together and
testing the effectiveness of governance in the end
against measures like trust, legitimacy and
competence.
It is the process of making collective, public
decisions for the good of society.
E-government
is defined by the United Nations as A government that
applies ICT to transform its internal and external
relationships (United Nations, 2003).
E-Government is defined as the employment of electronic
applications to ensure interaction between government
and citizens on one hand and government and private
business environment on the other, and also the
employment of these applications to ensure the
government's internal operations to make it more
transparent and democratic .
e-Governance
is the modernization of the traditional governmental
activities to facilitate citizens with improved services and to
ensure smooth government to citizen transactions using
electronic and network media.

Domains of e-Governance
1. E-administration: improving government processes
2. E-services: connecting individual citizens with their
government.
3. E-society: building interactions with and within the
civil society





Managers of E-Governance
PUBLIC SECTORS- refers to the part of the
economy concerned with providing various
government services. The composition of the public
sector varies by country, but in most countries the
public sector includes such services as the
military, police, public transit and care of public
roads, public education, along with healthcare and
those working for the government itself, such
as elected officials.
Public Managers who search for ways to get their
goods and services to the consumer faster, at less
cost and with higher quality.

Public Managers have access to two kinds of
electronic networks in meeting public needs:
1. Intranets-support the internal values and
operations of the organization.
2. Internet-Support the external values and politics of
the organization.
INTRANETS- internal government and corporate
Websites, give employees easy access to
mountains of information.















Integrating an organizations computing
environment with Internet Technology can help by:
Simplifying internal information management and
improve internal communication by applying page
and link paradigms.
Seamlessly integrate internal corporate network
with the Internet to enhance communications
between an organization and its customers and
partners.
Integrate new products and Internet technologies
with existing infrastructure and legacy systems to
enable organization to leverage their technology
investment and evolve information technology
smoothly.
The Internet
New and emerging technologies include client /server
computing, object oriented database technologies,
data warehousing, global positioning system (GPS)
and new programming languages and most
specially World Wide Web.
Governments, elected representatives and citizens
are beginning are beginning to experiment in digital
democracy, with electronic town meetings, voting
online, opinion polls, and direct communication with
constituencies, interactive web events and email.
ARCHITECTURE OF AN INTRANET
ARCHITECTURE OF THE INTERNET

e-Governance applications for citizens, business
environment and employees
According to France Belanger and Hiller (2006), in the e-
Government concept there are three main target groups
that can be distinguished, namely government, business
and the private citizen.
Acronyms like B2B (Business to Business) and B2C
(Business to Citizen) are commonly used in e-commerce
concept.


Three major fields of e-Governance
applications
1. Government to Citizens(G2C)
2. Government to Business(G2B
3. Government to Government(G2G).

G2C applications enable citizens to pay taxes, receive
payments and documents, interact with government at
any time from any location, improved accounting and
record keeping, reduced processing time etc.
Citizens are the strength of nation and their
satisfaction is ultimate.
List of basic public services
Public Services for citizens

Public Services for businesses

Income tax: declaration, notification

Health insurance contributions for
employees

Services to find a job (through
employment offices)

Company Tax: declaration,
notification

Services of social protection (at least
three of four):
- Benefits related to unemployment; -
allowances for children; - Medical
costs; - Scholarships.

VAT: declaration, notification

Personal documents (passport,
identity card, driving license)

Registering a new company

Vehicle registration

Providing data to statistical offices

PUBLIC SERVICES CONTINTUED:
Request authorization for
construction

Customs declarations

Public Libraries (online catalogs, search
tools)

Environmental Permits

Statements to the police

Public Procurement

Request authorization for construction


Customs declarations

Certificates (birth certificates, marriage
certificates): submission and release

Registration in other advanced forms of
education

Health Services

A Smarter Computing Approach to Support
21st Century Governance
Traditional government IT systems are built to handle a
single workload in a single agency, but are unable to
handle the workloads effectively or efficiently.
Smarter Computing
a new approach to transform IT infrastructures, is based on
three fundamental capabilities: Designed for Data, Tuned
to the Task, and Managed in the Cloud.
enables IT infrastructures to handle multiple types of data
for advanced management and analysis applications, by
using IT components optimized to the workloads placed on
them, to support a variety of service creation and delivery
models.
1. Designed for Data -means designing an IT
infrastructure to harness all available information,
including real-time streaming data, to unlock insights for
better decision-making.
2. Tuned to the Task means matching workloads to
systems that are optimized to the workload
characteristics, including transaction processing,
database management, business intelligence, analytics,
managing cross-domain communications, and enabling
complex modeling.
3. Managed in the Cloud means evolving government
data centers to support a variety of business models and
service delivery methods that bring greater efficiencies
out of existing IT assets, deploy resources flexibly and
quickly, and reduces costs.
Four critical imperatives linking into multiple
government domains:
1. Improve citizen and business outcomes
2. Manage public resources effectively
3. Strengthen security and safety
4. Ensure a sustainable environment

Improve citizen and business outcomes
Shifting records from paper to digital formats
Creating and maintaining an accurate, single view of the
citizen or business entity
Support citizen or business self-service
Using analytics to ensure proper citizen-to-service match
Using analytics to detect fraud, and
Ensuring data security and access according to established
protocols
Manage public resources effectively
means not only improving data management and
analysis, but also improving the efficiency in which
services are created and delivered, then to lower
down costs of government resources.
Strengthen Safety and Public Security
Analysis of streaming data for event detection and
prediction
Communication coordination across jurisdictions and
agencies
Analysis for real-time incident detection and incident
and event prediction, and
Cross-domain data feeds and sharing
Ensuring a Sustainable Environment
Weather event prediction and warnings used by
public safety agencies, for instance, place heavy
workloads for database management, analytics, sensors
and controls, communications, and complex
modeling on a weather agencys IT infrastructure.
Critical Imperatives Guiding Government
Transformation
21st Century Government Imperatives and their
IT Infrastructure Workloads
Guided by these imperatives, a government
becomes a smoothly functioning system that:
1) promotes economic growth by streamlining and
simplifying processes and reporting requirements
2) delivers citizen-centered services in offices that
address multiple types of services.
3)provides high-demand transactions over the internet
Can technology address
governance issues?
Decision Making and Implementation of
Decision taken
Decision making Implementation of
Decision