From windows to Linux

Linux is case sensitive…

• AB
• aB Four different strings in Linux
• aB One string in Windows
• ab
• GUI is just another software only
• Linux can provide diskless workstation
• Same Kernel for all purposes

Kernel
User 1, 2, 3

HW
shell
• ls /boot/vmliuz  tab key
• du –ah /boot/vmlinuz

..........................................................
• Linux shell is multitasking program as well as
a program Interpreter.
• Default shell is BASH

• To view user database

cat /etc/passwd

……………………..
• Linux does not use 3 character file
extensions.
– .(dot) is just another character only
apache.conf
• myfile.txt can be and excitable file in Linux

Create a file……

touch file name…

…………………………….
• GUI is optional, it you use Linux as
server...
 Everything reduced to files.

Binary files
ASCII text files Device files
 The term "ASCII file
• The term "ASCII file" refers to a "text" file that is
readable by the naked eye (it only contains the
letters a-z, numbers, carriage returns, and
punctuation marks). Conversely, a binary fie is
not readable by the naked eye (it contains the
ASCII characters in addition to binary codes).
Therefore, any file that one can read with a
common editor is considered an ASCII file.
 A binary file
• A binary file is a file whose content must be interpreted
by a program or a hardware processor that understands
in advance exactly how it is formatted. That is, the file is
not in any externally identifiable format so that any
program that wanted to could look for certain data at a
certain place within the file. A program (or hardware
processor) has to know exactly how the data inside the
file is laid out to make use of the file.
• A file stored in binary format. A binary file
is computer -readable but not human-
readable. All executable programs are
stored in binary files, as are most numeric
data files. In contrast, text files are stored
in a form (usually ASCII) that is human-
readable.
 Device file….
• i) Locate in /dev directory
cd /dev
ls
ls hd*
…..
…….
…….
……
 How to use Linux commands.
• Linux programs or command has many
options or arguments. Which can be
supplied at command prompt to get
various tasks done.
• Theses options/ arguments sometimes get
implicitly ( as a default)
• Ex
• Useradd –d /home/debian –s /bin/bash debian

Single letter options are supplied with an arguments are

separated bye one more space. More than one letter
options are supplied with each options and argument
are separated at least one space.
• 1. using argument.
• cd /usr

Argument
cmd
 implicit argument
• cd
• pwd path cd $HOME environment variable for users home dir
when you type some commands alone if it has no
defult argument option it will provide basic
syntax help or prompt user to view help ‘
 using options

ls –a

ls –a –l => ls –al

netstat –tnlp = > netstat –t –n –l –p

More than one charector options

mv --help =/ mv –h –e –l –p