Teaching and

Learning Materials
for ESL Classroom
BY: ASHIKIN, GIRIJA, LUKMAN AND ZULHANAFI
Types of T&L
Materials
Audio
Radio/MP3
Player
Tape Recorder Audio Tape
Purposes of Teaching and Learning
Materials
allowing students to connect in
various ways to the outside world
Oral materials can be used by
students to get a rich description
of certain event.
To support learning through
acquisition
For language teaching helping
to develop listening and
speaking skills
Audio
Advantages of Teaching and Learning
Materials
1) Engaging auditory
learners
2) Music and
mnemonics for
memorization
3) Novelty to activities
4) Inexpensive
1) Do not provide
visual elements.
2) May not be
applicable in the
noisy environment.
3) Some of the
materials are not
interactive.
Audio
FACTORS IN
SELECTION AND
EVALUATION OF
MATERIALS
LEVEL
Slightly higher in their level of difficulty than the pupils
current proficiency level. (i+1).
Familiar context.



Kenji Kitao. (1997). Selecting and developing
teaching/learning materials. The Internet TESL Journal, 6(4).
Support and consistent with curriculum
outcome
Be appropriate for the subject area age,
emotional development, ability level, learning
styles
Have aesthetic, literary and/or social values.
Suitable physical format and appearance
Knowledge
Avoid stereotyping, discrimination, bias and
prejudice.
Reflect diverse experiences relating to cultural
groups and individuals.
Represent society as multicultural.
Help pupils to demonstrate an understanding
of cultural diversity.
Culture
Content
Clarity Physically
font type: avoid
highly stylized
Type faces.
contrast between
background and
text
spacing between
lines.
simple layout.
Howard, J. (n.d)
Accessibility
Sufficient
time to read
or complete
given tasks.
Present
information in
logical order.
Clear and
unambiguous
language.
Visuals should
be clearly
labeled.
Gaeilge. L (2010)
Cost effectiveness
Is it
affordable
?
It is worthwhile to
get something
expensive if can
be used many
times.
Durability impacts
Made out
of sturdy
material.
If materials
are to be
consumed,
pupils can
make it
their own
Authenticity
Regularly exposed to
real, unscripted
language
Tasks in which
students are
required to perform
with them.
References
Gaeilge. L. Accessibility of learning materials. (2010). Retrieved on June 25, 2014 from
http://www.nuigalway.ie/celt/teaching_and_learning/accessibility.html
Howard, J. (n.d). Guidelines for designing effective English Language teaching. Retreived on
June 25, 2014 from http://www.paaljapan.org/resources/proceedings/PAAL9/pdf/Howard.pdf
Evaluation and selection of learning resources. (2008). Retrieved on June 26, 2014, from
http://www.gov.pe.ca/photos/original/ed_ESLR_08.pdf
Selection, evaluation and adoption of instructional materials. (2002). Retrieved on June 26,
2014, from http://www2.carrollk12.org/instruction/librarymedia/pdf/instructionalmaterials.pdf
http://www.teachingaids.co.in/types-of-teaching-aids.htm
http://www.jiscdigitalmedia.ac.uk/guide/using-audio-in-teaching-and-learning
http://www.ehow.com/list_6560443_advantages-audio-teaching-aids_.html
http://fcit.usf.edu/distance/chap7.htm
Howard, J., & Major, J. (n. d). Guidelines for Designing Effective English Language Teaching
Materials.
Prince Edwards Island Department of Education. (2008). Evaluation and Selection of Learning
Resources: A Guide. Canada: Department of Education.