PBL for

Supporting Critical
Thinking
BLOK 1
FK UNSRI
Objectives:
Background of critical thinking
Definition of critical thinking
Component of critical thinking
Way to enhance critical thinking
Definition of PBL
Types of PBL
Component of PBL
Practice with PBL
PBL preparation
Key Questions
Why does critical thinking?
What is critical thinking?
How to enhance critical thinking ability?
What is PBL?
How the student should prepare for PBL?




Case
Dr. Rame, saw an advertisement from
internet that there is a new supplement to
decrease body weight.
He directly recommend the supplement to
his patient which bought via MLM
company.
After consumed the complement, his
patients report that they got allergy cause
by supplement
Why Critical Thinking ?
Why critical thinking ?
Medicine is
Deep & extensive Priorities
Rapidly develop Always adaptive
Art & science Excessive variation


Medicine is deep and extensive
You have to know
What are your competencies
What are your priorities
What you need

Medicine is rapidly develop
Doctor is a long-life learning profession
You have to always adaptive
Always looking for new information
Critically appraise of all information
Validity, reliability, necessarily
Medicine is art & science
You have to determine your own style/ methods
But always consider ethics and standard
What is critical thinking ?
Ennis:
Reasonable reflective thinking that is focused on
deciding what to do or believe.
The intellectual disciplined process of actively
and skillfully conceptualizing, applying,
synthesizing, and or evaluating information
gathered from, or generated by, observation,
experience, reflection, reasoning or
communication as a guide to belief and action.
What are the component of CT ?
Kennedy, Fisher & Ennis :
Identify the problem with their assumptions
Clarify & focus on problem
Analyze the problem
Inferential or resumed
Logically thinking base on inductive & deductive
Evaluate the validity & reliability of assumptions,
data, & information
How to enhance critical thinking?
Always focused, do & believe on critical
thinking concept in learning
How:
Perform the critical thinking component in
learning of some issues
Some methods in Medical School
Pro-ACTIVE
Problem-Objective-Alternative-Consequences-Tradeoffs-
Integrate-Value-Evaluate
COBMT
Clinical Oriented Basic Medical Teaching
Ommundsen Group Discussion
PBL
Problem Based Learning
Etc.

What is Problem Based Learning?
A small group discussion moderated by tutor
The process called tutorial
Stimulated (triggered) by problem
Stimulate student to critically think about how to
think the content with some steps of thinking
The student must:
Determine the problem
Think how to solve it
Evaluate the resolution
Example of PBL Steps
Mc. Master & Queens University
(Unpad)
Diana F Wood (7-Step)
Mastrict, UGM,Unand
Brandas Step
(UI)
Read the problem Identify & clarify unfamiliar
terms
Clarification and definition of the problem
Brainstorming
Hyphothesis
- What we know
- What we need to know
Learning issues
Define the problems Analysis of the problem
Development of hypothesis
Identification the knowledge needed
Identification of what already is known
Brainstorming
Discuss the problems
Explanation of prior knowledge
Identify incomplete knowledge
Identification learning resources
Identify/discuss/assign Collection of new information
Individual reading/research Synthesis of old and new information
Return
- Review case
- Report and discuss
- Assess progress
- Self evaluation
- Next problem
Repetition of steps, as necessary
Review step 2-3
Tentative solutions
Identification of what was not learned
Formulate learning objective Summary of what was not learned
Private study Testing the understanding of knowledge
Discus result of private study
PBL steps in FK-Unsri
1
st
phase of TUTORIAL
1. Term clarification
2. Identify the problems
3. Analyze the problems
4. Formulate the hypothesis
5. Formulate the limited knowledge & learning issues

1. Self Directed Learning
2
nd
phase of TUTORIAL
7. Synthesis and resume of self learning result
8. Identify new learning issues
9. Self Directed learning
Plenary discussion

Modification from all steps
Lets go to PBL
The trigger
Namaku Siti Maonah, saya mau cerita:

Siti Kelembungan temanku, lagi bersedih. Dia sedih karena
pacarnya Raden John Tralala memutuskan hubungan atas
perintah ibu si Raden.

Setahuku Raden John Tralala adalah keturunan bangsawan
Palembang asli. Ibunya mensyaratkan agar setiap calon istri
anaknya harus bisa membuat pempek lenggang. Sedangkan
Kelembungan mahasiswa FK-Unsri yang terlalu sibuk belajar,
sehingga tidak tahu bagaimana cara memasak

Ayo teman-teman mari kita tolong Siti Kelembungan



1. Term Clarifications

2. Identify the problems
P = (O E)xC
P = Problem
O = Observe
E = Expected
C = Concern
Problem ?
3. Analyze the problems
Make a lot of questions related to
problems (5W1H)
?
?
?
Brain-storming !!!
Try to answer your own questions


4. Formulate the hypothesis

5. Formulate learning issues

2nd phase of TUTORIAL
Synthesis and resume of self
learning result
Identify new learning issues
Self Directed learning
Plenary discussion
You want to success in PBL
Dont do this:
Act without think (impulsive)
Need help in every learning (overdependent)
Do not understand the causative relation
Do not think comprehensive (miss meaning)
Over convinced to believe the truth (dogmatis)
Not fleksibel (think tight)
Always afraid (do not confidence)
Lazy to think harder (anti-intellectual).

Thank You