Republic Period

(1946-1972)
What is a Republic
A government having a chief of state who is
not a monarch and who in modern times is a
president

A government in which supreme power
resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote
and is exercised by elected officers and
governing according to law
Presidents during the Republic period

The coming of the Republic Period
After the 3 year Reign of the Japanese Period,
a new period must come to light to keep
order. This was the Philippine Republic Period.

Inaugurated on the 4
th
of July, 1946.

State of the Philippines during start of
the Republic period
The economy generally was in disarray
Rehabilitation aid was obviously needed, and
President Roxas was willing to accept some
onerous conditions placed implicitly and
explicitly by the U.S. Congress


PhilippineU.S. relations was a major theme in
Philippine history for the first several decades after the
war
The Bell Act in the United States extended free trade
with the Philippines for 8 years, to be followed by 20
years of gradually increasing tariffs.
The United States demanded and received a 99-year
lease on a number of Philippine military and naval
bases in which U.S. authorities had virtual territorial
rights

Historical events that molded the
Republic Period
in 1965, however, a series of agreements
between the two countries reduced the size
and number of the U.S. bases and shortened
base leases.
Clumsy repression of dissent and the
fraudulent election of the countrys second
president, Elpido Quirino, in 1949 set the
stage for an intensification of the communist-
led Hukbalahap

Suppression of the rebellion five years later,
however, was due to the opening of the
political process to greater mass participation,
particularly during the campaign of Ramon
Magsaysay.
Magsaysays attempts at social and economic
reform failed largely because of the
conservative outlook of the legislature and the
bureaucracy.
During Garcias presidential term and that of
his reform-minded successor, Diosdado
Macapagal. (196165), unrest was usually
channeled through the electoral process and
peaceful protest.
When Marcos was elected to the presidency.
His administration faced grave economic
problems that were exacerbated by
corruption, tax evasion, and smuggling.

Demands that the government meet the social
and economic needs of its citizenry continued.

Large student demonstrations urged the
convention to undertake a fundamental
restructuring of political power.
Marcos pressed for the adoption of a
parliamentary style of government, which
would allow him to remain in power.
At the same time, foreign investors,
predominantly American, felt increased
pressure from economic nationalists in the
legislature.
The Constitution

Until before 1973, the 1935 Constitution was
still being recognized.


According to the provisions of 1935
constitution, The government structure will
recognize a separation of power.
1935 Constitution during the republic
period
With the approval of RA 6132, efforts with 310
delegates to amend 1935 constitution started
on August 24, 1970
while in session Pres. Marcos Declared
Martial Law (Sept. 21 1972)
The constitutional Convention completed
Draft Nov29 1972
Ratified January 17, 1973 thus ending 1935
Constituion

Sources:
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/45639
9/Philippines/23719/The-early-republic
zamboanga.com/z/index.php?title=History_o
f_the_philippines
www.philippinecountry.com/.../third_republi
c.html

Martial Law Period (1972-1986)

President Marcos declared martial law
in September 21, 1972, charging that a
Communist rebellion threatened.

The Martial Law period was governed by the
1973 Constitution which established the
parliamentary form of government.

But Parliament Government was never
implemented due to the transitory provision
of the 1973 Constitution

Amendments to the constitution:
Amendment No. 3
Amendment No. 6
Amendment No. 7
1981 Amendment
In 1981, through Proclamation No. 2045
martial law was officially lifted and military
tribunals were abolished, but Marcos
continued to rule by the expedient of being
re-elected in a farce of an election to a new
6-year term.

In 1981, through Proclamation No. 2045
martial law was officially lifted and military
tribunals were abolished, but Marcos
continued to rule by the expedient of being
re-elected in a farce of an election to a new
6-year term.
1984 Amendment to the Constitution
Impeachment against President Marcos

People Power (February 25, 1986)

Sources:
Legal Research and Legal Citations for the
Philippines by Milagros Ong
http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/history/history.html
http://www.constitutionnet.org/country/const
itutional-history-philippines
wikipedia

FROM PEOPLE POWER TO A GREAT CHRISTIAN
REVIVAL
The Philippine Republic Revival

Legal Research
The People Power Revolution of February 1986 a
Rizals Prophesies

Exerting only the collective force of their faith and unselfish
sacrifice, the people fulfilled one of the Rizals prophesies in
his book, El Filibusterismo, wherein our national hero wrote:
When a people reaches ha height, God will provide a
weapon, the idols will be shattered, the tranny will crumble
like a house of cards and liberty will shine out like the first
dawn.


The People Power Revolution a bloodless military
revolt

The people power revolution began as a bloodless
military revolt of the reform movement in the Armed
Forces of the Philippines, led by Defense Minister Juan
Ponce Enrile and Deputy Chief of Staff, Lt. Gen. Fidel V.
Ramos. A 6:00pm of February 22, 1986 gave a press
conference to announce their withdrawal of support
from the President Marcos, admitting that Mrs.
Aquino had won the elections and that President
Marcos had been deceiving the people for some time.

The Emerging Power Military, Church and
the People power
The initial defection by a handful of brave military leaders turned
into a peoples revolution. On February 23, thousands more came
and reinforced the human barricade, the military could not
assault the camp because of thousands of unarmed civilians had
formed a human barricade to block the way. Priests and nuns
knelt or sat in front of the tanks and behind them were many
more citizens ready and willing to sacrifice their lives. A person
rushed to the soldiers and offered them food and drinks in a
gesture of love, while children were hoisted up to the tanks giving
fresh flowers and friendly embraces to Marcos troops. Evidently
moved by the astonishing scene, Gen. Tadiar ordered a retreat.

President Marcos was doomed

On the night of February 25, and his family, and some
friends fled Malacanan Palace and were taken by the USA
Air Force to Guam and Hawaii. It was all over. The people
had won, after a peaceful revolution of four days.
According to Fr. Araneta the events were not only people
power but also God power at work.

Corazon Aquino,
First Lady, President of the Philippines

On February 25, the last day of peoples revolt,
Corazon Aquino was inducted into office at Club
Filipino as the first Lady President of the
Philippines and Salvador Laurel as Vice-President.

Restoration of Democracy in the Philippines
&
THe Constitutional Commission (Con-Com)

Restoration of Democracy in the Philippines
The first thing President Aquino did upon assuming office was the
restoration of democracy in our country. And the following:
She formed a small Cabinet of 14 Ministers
Release of all political prisoners and restored the writ of habeas corpus

The Constitutional Commission (Con-Com)
In order to restore political stability of the country, President Aquino
called for the drafting of a new constitution that would replace both the
1973 amended constitution and the 1986 Provisional or Freedom
Constitution.

The New Constitution

On February 2, 1987, the people went to the polls and ratified the 1986 Constitution in a
national plebiscite. The result was an overwhelming number of the electorate favored the
charter.

Among the salient of the 1986 Constitution are the following:
A new Bill of Rights which bans abortion, the death penalty, and the use of torture, intimidation
or secret detention of state prisoners.

The creation of permanent Commission on Human Rights to safeguard the rights of the
people.
The establishment of a presidential system of government, with checks and balance
between the three branches of government.
To guard against political dynasties, the presidents term is limited to six years, with a ban
against relatives of the President being appointed into public office.
The New Constitution

The Presidents right to declare martial law or suspend habeas
corpus is limited to 60 days, after which the Congress, upon the
Presidents report, may revoke or extend the proclamation.
The establishment of bicameral Congress elected by the people,
which will exercise Legislative power.
Provision is made for laws, constitutional amendments, and
impeachment cases to be initiated by the people.
Provision is made for the creation of Autonomous Regions in the
Cordilleras and in Muslim parts in Mindanao.
Provision is made for free education up to high school level, for
medical care of paupers, and for agrarian reform.
The governments right to incur new loans is subject to freedom of
information and limitations by Congress and the monetary board.


Achievement of the Aquino
Administration

After six years in office, the first lady president gave way to a peaceful and
orderly transition of power.
Achievement of the Aquino Administration was as follows:
The restoration of peace, democracy, freedom and justice in the Philippines.
This was the greatest legacy of her administration.
Partial recover of big sums of money stolen during the Marcos administration
by high officials and cronies in the previous regime.
Stability of the government was proven despite six successive military coups.
Easier credit terms and better conditions for repayment of the huge foreign
debt of the Philippines, amounting to over US$ 30 billion.
The defeats of the communist New People are Army and arrest many NPA
top leaders, as well as the surrender of many others.
Passage of the best agrarian reform law in the Philippines, limiting ownership
to five hectares of agricultural land.
Improvement of the Philippines both home and abroad.
Mobilization of national and international aid for victims of the various
calamities which hi he Philippines.

A Great Christian Revival in
the Philippines

As the second millennium after Chris comes to an end, we find the
Philippines at an historic turning point. History has shown that
whenever a nation great Christian revival, It has happened at the
lowest point of that countrys economic, political, moral and social
conditions. But after the Christian revival, there will come a time when
the other conditions will also improve-the government will be more
effective, the economy will become prosperous again, and the people
will be used to spread the Gospel to other nations.





Source:
The Philippines A Unique Nation
By: Sonia M. Zaide
With Gregorios F. Zaides History of
the Republic of the Philippines
Thank You
Jay Torello Dedicatoria
Bachelor of laws
Atty. Theresa S. Dizon
July 26, 2014

Adamson University
College of law